Investigations of high-speed avalanche dynamics and Hugoniot of ice by the high-speed impact experiments of snow

通过雪高速撞击实验研究冰的高速雪崩动力学和雨贡尼奥

• 批准号: 05452368
• 负责人: MAENO Norikazu
• 金额: $ 3.14万
• 依托单位: Hokkaido University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 1993
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1993 至 1994
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-05452368/
• 关键词: Avalanche; Snow and Ice; High-speed Impact; Icy Planet; Hugoniot of Ice; 氷のユゴニオ

High-speed impact experiments of snow and ice were conducted in a large cold room maintained at -18ﾟC.A light gas gun was used to impact an ice projectile (15 mm cylinder with a round cap of radius 8 mm) on snow and ice plates. The impact speed was varied between 50 and 600 m/s. Observations of crack growth in the ice target was possible by eliminating reflections from walls. The impact phenomena were photographed with an image-converter camera at 200,000 and 500,000 frames per second. The lighting system used was Schlieren and shadow photograpy.From the photographic observations, the following results were obtained. In the impact experiment between an ice projectile and ice plate, cracks developed semicircularly, and the propagation velocity of craks amounted to roughly 3 km/s when the impact speed was 139 m/s. The propagation velocity varies between 2.1 and 4.0 km/s at the impact speed of 139-528 m/s.In the high-speed impact experiments between an ice projectile and snow paltes (thickness of 3,5,10,20,30 mm and porosity of 15 and 30%), it was found that the free surface particle velocity decreased with distance and that of snow was larger than that of ice at the same impact velocity.

雪和冰的高速冲击实验是在维持在-18°C的大型寒冷室中进行的。轻型燃气枪被用来撞击冰板上的冰弹弹（15毫米圆柱，半径为8毫米）。冲击速度在50至600 m/s之间变化。通过消除墙壁的反射，可以观察到冰靶的裂纹生长。用图像转换器摄像机以200,000和500,000帧的速度拍摄了冲击现象。所使用的照明系统是Schlieren和Shadow Photography。从摄影观测中，获得了以下结果。在冰弹与冰板之间的冲击实验中，裂纹半圆形发展，当冲击速度为139 m/s时，CRAKS的传播速度约为3 km/s。在139-528 m/s的2.1至4.0 km/s之间的传播速度在高速弹丸和雪孔之间的高速冲击实验（3,5,5,10,20,30毫米的厚度为3,5,10,20,30 mm，孔隙率的厚度为15％和30％），因此发现，自由表面粒子速度在距离上的自由粒子速度降低了，而冰的自由表面降低了。

项目成果

Higa,M.: "Impact experiments of ice spheres on an ice block:First report." Proc.26th ISAS Lunar and Planetary Symp.26. 141-144 (1993)

Higa,M.：“冰球对冰块的撞击实验：第一份报告。”

Sugiyama,H.: "High-speed gas-particle flows past circular and elliptic cylinders." SME-KSME Fluid Eng.Conf.397-401 (1994)

Sugiyama, H.：“高速气体粒子流过圆形和椭圆形圆柱体。”

杉山 弘: "LDVによる超音波乱流混合層の測定" 日本機械学会論文集. 60. 2731-2736 (1994)

Hiroshi Sugiyama：“使用 LDV 测量超声波湍流混合层”，日本机械工程师学会汇刊 60. 2731-2736 (1994)。

Arakawa, M.: "Direct observations of the crack propagation in the collisional disruptions of ice." Proc.26th ISAS Lunar and Planetary Symp.26. 137-140 (1993)

Arakawa, M.：“直接观察冰碰撞破裂中的裂纹扩展。”

Higa, M.: "Impact experiments of ice spheres on an ice block : First report." Proc.26th ISAS Lunar and Planetary Symp.26. 141-144 (1993)

Higa, M.：“冰球对冰块的撞击实验：第一份报告。”