Roles and Problems of Mother Plants in Automobile and Electronics industries

母厂在汽车和电子工业中的作用和问题

基本信息

批准号：
04630022
负责人：
ITAGAKI Hiroshi
金额：
$ 0.77万
依托单位：
Saitama University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1992
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1992 至 1993
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

This study examines the roles and problems of mother plants and headquarters in Japan to their affiliates abroad, particularly focusing the transfer of technology.1.There is no question that the 'Material-Result' type of technology transfer, such as product technology, and capital goods including equipment and components from Japan, had playd a crucial role in the transfer of technology by mother plants to their affiliates.2.The 'Material-Method' type of technology transfer, such as maintenance of equipment and quality control, is also important. The tasks of Japanese expatriate and temporarily dispatched employees are often relevant to these efforts.3.Japanese compains educate and train local employees enthusiastically, especially by emphasizing production control. With an emphasis on OJT,Japanese companies often supplement insufficient training at affiliated plants by sending numerous local employees to Japan for training at the mother plants. This type of enthusiasm for education and training is a salient feature of Japanese multinational companies.Nevertheless, Japanese multinationa ; companies must face a number of problems.1.'Human-Method' type of technology transfer, such as multifunctional skills and employee participation to management, lags behind 'Material-Method' type of technology transfer. This leads to poor co-ordination between different sections, which in turn may hamper trouble shooting regarding quality or maintenance.2.Reliance of 'Material-Result' type of technology transfer contributes to a trade deficit with Japan on the part of the host countries.3.In numerous cases, strong authority is exercised by headquarters or mother plants in Japan. This stifles the motivation of local employees and imposes too heavy burden for headquarters in terms of information processing.

本研究探讨了日本母厂和总部对其海外子公司的作用和问题，特别关注技术转让。1.毫无疑问，“物质-结果”类型的技术转让，例如产品技术和日本的设备和零部件等资本货物在母厂向其附属公司的技术转让中发挥了至关重要的作用。 2.“材料-方法”类型的技术转让，例如设备维护和质量控制，也很重要。重要的。日本外籍员工和临时派遣员工的任务往往与这些努力有关。3.日本公司热情地对当地员工进行教育和培训，特别是强调生产控制。日本企业重视在职培训，经常派遣大量当地员工到日本母工厂接受培训，以补充附属工厂培训的不足。这种对教育培训的热情是日本跨国公司的一个显着特征。企业必须面对一些问题。1.“人法”型技术转移，如多功能技能和员工参与管理等，滞后于“物法”型技术转移。这导致不同部门之间的协调不力，进而可能妨碍解决质量或维护方面的问题。2.依赖“物质结果”类型的技术转让导致东道国对日本的贸易逆差.3.在许多情况下，日本的总部或母工厂行使着强大的权力。这抑制了当地员工的积极性，也给总部带来了过重的信息处理负担。