Human-specific DNA sequences and hominization

人类特异性 DNA 序列和人化

• 批准号: 02454030
• 负责人: UEDA Shintaroh
• 金额: $ 4.1万
• 依托单位: The University of Tokyo
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 1990
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1990 至 1991
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-02454030/
• 关键词: Human-specific suquence; Hominization; Human Evolution; Human Genome; Molecular Evolution; Genome Evolution

Each species has its own uniqueness, for which it is clear that species-specific genetic information forms the basis. The extent of genomic similarity among species can be evaluated by comparative studies of nucleotide substitutions in orthologous genes, which are commonly present in all the species examined. Such studies using orthologous genes have shown that humans are most closely related to chimpanzees, and that the nucleotide differences between them are merely a few percent. These studies are useful for construction of molecular phylogenetic trees and deduction of divergence dates, but are less useful for defining the genetic uniqueness of individual species. In order to elucidate the extent of dissimilarities among the genomes of humans and non-human primates and to clarify the genetic basis of human uniqueness, human-specific DNA sequences were sought as species-specific traits using the technique of genome subtraction in the present study. These sequences are present in the human genome alone but absent in the genomes of non-human primates.

每个物种都有其独特性，很明显，物种特异性遗传信息构成了其基础。物种之间基因组相似性的程度可以通过直系同源基因中核苷酸取代的比较研究来评估，这些基因通常存在于所有检查的物种中。此类使用直系同源基因的研究表明，人类与黑猩猩的关系最为密切，而且它们之间的核苷酸差异仅为百分之几。这些研究对于构建分子系统发育树和推导分歧日期很有用，但对于定义个体物种的遗传独特性不太有用。为了阐明人类和非人类灵长类动物基因组之间的差异程度，并阐明人类独特性的遗传基础，本研究使用基因组消减技术寻找人类特异性DNA序列作为物种特异性特征。 。这些序列仅存在于人类基因组中，但不存在于非人类灵长类动物的基因组中。

项目成果

KAWAMURA,S.: "Immunoglbulin C_H gene family in higher primates and its evolutionary history." Genomics. 13. (1992)

KAWAMURA,S.：“高等灵长类动物的免疫球蛋白 C_H 基因家族及其进化史。”

Ueda S. and Kawamura S.: "Hominoid immunoglobulin alpha genes : multiple recombinational events in their hinge regions." Molecular Evolution. Wiley-Liss Inc.13-18 (1991)

Ueda S. 和 Kawamura S.：“类人猿免疫球蛋白 α 基因：铰链区的多重重组事件。”

Kawamura S., Tanabe H., Watanabe Y., Kurosaki K., Omoto K. and Ueda S.: "Evolution of the immunoglobulin alpha gene in primates" Primatology today. Elsevier Svience Pubuishers. 623-626 (1991)

Kawamura S.、Tanabe H.、Watanabe Y.、Kurosaki K.、Omoto K. 和 Ueda S.：“灵长类动物免疫球蛋白 α 基因的进化”《今日灵长类动物学》。

KAWAMURA,S.: "Concerted evolution of the primate immunogolbulin alpha gene through gene conversion." Journal of Biological Chemistry. 267. (1992)

KAWAMURA,S.：“通过基因转换实现灵长类免疫球蛋白α基因的协同进化。”

Takenaka A., Ueda S., Terao K., and Takenaka O: "Multiple alpha-globin genes in crab-eating macaques (Macaca Fascicularis)." Mol. Biol. Evol.8(3). 320-326 (1991)

Takenaka A.、Ueda S.、Terao K. 和 Takenaka O：“食蟹猕猴 (Macaca Fascillaryis) 中的多个 α-珠蛋白基因。”