Research and Development for Reconstructing Ancient Human Society Using DNA Technology

利用DNA技术重建古代人类社会的研究与开发

基本信息

批准号：
09359002
负责人：
UEDA Shintaroh
金额：
$ 13.31万
依托单位：
University of Tokyo
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A).
财政年份：
1997
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1997 至 2000
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

We here developed a novel method for reconstructing human society/population in ancient times by using DNA technology, in combination with new development of computer programs ; SSJ program for multiple alignment of large number of sequence data, and dna-pop-dist program for estimating nucleotide diversity (the mean of pairwise nucleotide differences per site) and evolutionary distances (net values of nucleotide substitutions) between populations. In addition, we constructed the phylogenetic network of haplotypes and the population tree using the network construction and the neighbor-joining methods, respectively. Using these programs, we investigated temporal changes in population genetic structure, comparing the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences of three populations that lived in the same location, Linzi of China, in different periods : 2500 years ago (the Spring-Autumn era), 2000 years ago (the Han era), and the present day. The results obtained indicate that the genetic background of the three populationsis distinct from each other. Inconsistent with the geographical distribution, the 2500-year-old Linzi population showed greater genetic similarity to present-day European populations than to present-day east Asian populations. The 2000 year-old Linzi population had features that were intermediate between the present-day European/2500-year-old Linzi populations and the present-day east Asian populations. These relationships suggest the occurrence of drastic spatiotemporal changes in genetic structure of Chinese people during the past 2500 years. These results obtained here using ancient DNAs have never been deduced from conventional genetic studies using the present-day samples, and provide a novel insight not only into natural sciences including genetics and physical anthropology but also into social sciences including archaeology and linguistics.

我们在这里开发了一种利用DNA技术，结合计算机程序的新发展来重建古代人类社会/人口的新方法； SSJ 程序用于大量序列数据的多重比对，dna-pop-dist 程序用于估计群体之间的核苷酸多样性（每个位点成对核苷酸差异的平均值）和进化距离（核苷酸取代的净值）。此外，我们分别使用网络构建和邻接方法构建了单倍型的系统发育网络和群体树。使用这些程序，我们研究了种群遗传结构的时间变化，比较了生活在同一地点（中国临淄）不同时期的三个种群的线粒体DNA（mtDNA）序列：2500年前（春秋时代）， 2000年前（汉代）和今天。获得的结果表明三个种群的遗传背景彼此不同。与地理分布不一致的是，2500年前的临淄人群与当今欧洲人群的遗传相似性高于与当今东亚人群的遗传相似性。 2000年前临淄人口的特征介于当今欧洲/2500年前临淄人口和当今东亚人口之间。这些关系表明，在过去的2500年里，中国人的基因结构发生了剧烈的时空变化。这里使用古代DNA获得的这些结果从未从使用当今样本的传统遗传学研究中推导出来，它们不仅为包括遗传学和体质人类学在内的自然科学提供了新颖的见解，而且为包括考古学和语言学在内的社会科学提供了新颖的见解。