Structuring Literature: Variants and Functions of Reflective Passages in Narrative Fiction

结构化文学：叙事小说中反思段落的变体和功能

• 批准号: 424264086
• 负责人: Professorin Dr. Anke Holler
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Seminar für Deutsche Philologie
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Priority Programmes
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2018-12-31 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/424264086?language=en
• 关键词: Structuring; Literature; Variants; Functions; Reflective

"All happy families are alike, each unhappy family is unhappy in its own way," is the first sentence of Tolstoy's "Anna Karenina" and one of the most talked about examples of reflection in fictional literature. Although even lay people distinguish such reflective passages in novels from passages that report actions or describe characters, reflective passages have not yet been established as a research topic in their own right in literary studies. Against this backdrop the project will combine insights from literary studies, linguistics, computational modelling and quantitative as well as qualitative text analysis to (i) elaborate and formalise a comprehensive concept of reflective passage, (ii) identify and classify such reflective passages in narrative fiction and (iii) explain their patterns of occurrence in roughly 350 years of literary history. To this end, the project will build on previous work for identifying reflection automatically in other text types as well as work on detecting related phenomena such as genericity and epistemic status and extend and combine these in a linguistically informed machine learning framework for finding author/narrator-attributed and character-attributed reflective passages in narrative fiction. By applying our models to a large corpus of German literature spanning several centuries, we will be able to identify periods in which reflection was particularly prevalent (“boom periods”). We will also look more closely at two prominent variants of reflective storytelling in literary history: essayistic and encyclopedic narration. We will compare automatically identified essayistic and encyclopedic passages in narrative fiction to non-fictional essays and encyclopedic texts and investigate similarities and differences with respect to style, topic and the epistemic status of clauses in order to identify internal as well as external functions of these passages in relation to the literary works and their socio-cultural context. Our contribution to the overall Priority Program “Computational Literary Studies” consists in (i) operationalizing a basic concept from literary theory by performing a qualitative and quantitative corpus study, (ii) enriching the methodic options to structure literary texts, (iii) developing novel computational models for detecting reflection and related phenomena and demonstrating the usefulness of these algorithmic methods for literary historiography as well as the integration of their results into the qualitative research process, and (iv) creating and releasing a corpus manually annotated for reflection.

“幸福的家庭都是相似的，不幸的家庭各有各的不幸”，这是托尔斯泰的《安娜·卡列尼娜》的第一句话，也是虚构文学中最受关注的反思例子之一，尽管即使是外行人也能区分出这样的反思段落。在报道行为或描述人物的小说中，反思性段落尚未成为文学研究中的一个独立的研究主题。在此背景下，该项目将结合文学研究、语言学、计算模型和定量的见解。作为定性文本分析旨在 (i) 详细阐述和形式化反思性段落的综合概念，(ii) 对叙事小说中的此类反思性段落进行识别和分类，以及 (iii) 解释它们在大约 350 年的文学史上的出现模式 为此，该项目将。建立在以前自动识别其他文本类型中的反射的工作以及检测相关现象（例如通用性和认知状态）的工作的基础上，并将这些现象扩展到语言学机器学习组合框架中，以查找作者/叙述者归因和角色归因反射中的段落通过将我们的模型应用于跨越几个世纪的大量德国文学，我们将能够识别反思特别盛行的时期（“繁荣时期”），我们还将更仔细地研究反思的两个主要变体。文学史中的讲故事：散文式和百科全书式叙述我们将比较叙事小说中自动识别的散文式和百科全书式段落与非小说式散文和百科全书式文本，并研究风格、主题和条款认知状态方面的异同。为了确定这些段落与文学作品及其社会文化背景相关的内部和外部功能，我们对总体优先计划“计算文学研究”的贡献在于（i）将文学理论中的基本概念付诸实践。通过进行定性和定量语料库研究，（ii）丰富结构文学文本的方法选择，（iii）开发新的计算模型来检测反射和相关现象，并证明这些算法方法对于文学史学以及整合的有用性他们的将结果纳入定性研究过程，以及 (iv) 创建并发布手动注释的语料库以供反思。