The What and When of Processing Projective Content

处理投射内容的内容和时间

• 批准号: 254937179
• 负责人: Professorin Dr. Anke Holler
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Seminar für Deutsche Philologie
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Priority Programmes
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2013-12-31 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/254937179?language=en
• 关键词: What; When; Processing; Projective; Content

The investigation of projective content (PC) has mostly relied on introspective and off-line methods like the Family-of-sentences-test and the 'Hey, wait a minute'-test. These methods have been very fruitful in delineating the different classes of PC, and have been applied to a variety of languages. In the past ten years, these results have been backed up by a number of on-line studies investigating the absolute timing of processing steps driven by different types of PC. However, what still seems to be lacking is a precise picture of the relative timing of the procedural steps involved in the interpretation of expressions that are classified as projective in the literature.In this project, we aim at laying a foundation for the experimental study of the relative timing of interpretive steps involved in the processing of different types of PC relative to that of other types of linguistic information (morphological, syntactic, lexical). The project will be concerned with three types of PC: uniqueness presuppositions, expressives, and additivity/exclusivity presuppositions/implica-tures. All three branches of investigation will be based on the assumption that PCs exert contextual felicity conditions; hence, we will manipulate the contextual properties of target sentences containing triggers for PC by providing them with different types of context. Moreover, all three branches use the time-course of the processing of a (non-PC) expression in the target sentence as an anchor point relative to which the timing of the effects of PC will be measured. That is, we will use the well-established effects of a number of morphosyntactic and lexical manipulations (attachment preferences, effects of implicit causality, etc.) as a benchmark relative to which the onset and the unfolding of interpretive steps affected by PC can be measured. In a parallel part of the project, we plan to use down-sized versions of our materials for testing children to learn more about the acquisition of PC processing.We will employ a combination of off-line and on-line methods, among them felicity ratings, 2AFC tasks with and without mouse tracking. Most importantly, we will use eye tracking in reading to pinpoint the exact timing of interpretive steps.The contribution this project will make to the overall priority programme XPRAG.de is two-fold: on the one hand, we hope to further our understanding of the psycholinguistics of processing PC, i.e. of the representations and processes underlying its processing, and its acquisition; in addition, our results will contribute to the methodological options available for the experimental study of PC. On the other hand, our results on the time-course of processing different types of PC will contribute to the discussion of the heterogeneity of PC, and ultimately may lead to a more fine-grained distinction of types of PC based on their processing behaviour.

对投射内容（PC）的调查主要依赖于内省和离线方法，例如句子家族测试和“嘿，等一下”测试。这些方法在划分 PC 的不同类别方面非常富有成效，并且已应用于多种语言。在过去十年中，这些结果得到了许多在线研究的支持，这些研究调查了不同类型 PC 驱动的处理步骤的绝对时序。然而，似乎仍然缺乏对文献中被归类为投射性表达的解释所涉及的程序步骤的相对时间的精确描述。在这个项目中，我们的目的是为实验研究奠定基础。相对于其他类型的语言信息（形态、句法、词汇），不同类型 PC 处理中涉及的解释步骤的相对时间。该项目将涉及三种类型的 PC：唯一性预设、表达性和可加性/排他性预设/含义。所有三个研究分支都将基于 PC 发挥情境幸福条件的假设；因此，我们将通过为包含 PC 触发器的目标句子提供不同类型的上下文来操纵它们的上下文属性。此外，所有三个分支都使用目标句子中（非 PC）表达的处理时间过程作为锚点，相对于该锚点将测量 PC 效果的时间。也就是说，我们将使用许多形态句法和词汇操作（依恋偏好、隐含因果关系的影响等）的既定效果作为基准，相对于该基准，受 PC 影响的解释步骤的开始和展开可以是测量。在该项目的并行部分中，我们计划使用我们材料的缩小版本来测试孩子们，以了解更多有关 PC 处理的知识。我们将采用离线和在线相结合的方法，其中包括 felicity评分，2AFC 任务（带和不带鼠标跟踪）。最重要的是，我们将在阅读中使用眼动追踪来确定解释步骤的准确时间。该项目将对总体优先计划 XPRAG.de 做出的贡献有两个方面：一方面，我们希望进一步了解处理 PC 的心理语言学，即其处理和习得的表征和过程；此外，我们的结果将为 PC 实验研究提供方法学选择。另一方面，我们对处理不同类型 PC 的时间过程的结果将有助于讨论 PC 的异质性，并最终可能导致根据 PC 的处理行为对类型进行更细粒度的区分。