Russian-Soviet Viticulture in Global Historical Perspective (1860-1941)

全球历史视角下的俄苏葡萄栽培（1860-1941）

• 批准号: 409727709
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Lutz Häfner
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Arbeitsbereich Geschichte des 19. und 20. Jahrhunderts
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2017-12-31 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/409727709?language=en
• 关键词: Russian; Soviet; Viticulture; Global; Historical

The research project takes a synthesizing perspective on winegrowing, wine consumption and cellar techniques in Imperial Russia and the Soviet Union from the end of the Crimean War up to the German invasion of the Soviet Union in June 1941. It pursues an entangled history with its local, regional and global aspects and consequences.At the beginning of the 20th century, Russia was among the top ten wine producing countries in the world. Contemporaries were not only particularly pleased with the high quality of Crimean sparkling wines but also with the full-bodied dessert wines. International experts were convinced that grape culture had become a power in Russia during the last decades of the 19th century and that the Russian confidently expect to make grape culture one of their leading products. In an international comparing perspective the project shows how Imperial and Soviet wine makers coped with devastating ecologic, economic, and political crises such as pests and phylloxera, World War I that went along with the prohibition of alcoholic beverages, Revolution, Civil War and the collectivization.Specific climatic conditions are a prerequisite to grow wine. The wine producing regions were basically located at the southern peripheries of the Russian Empire, ranging from Bessarabia via the littoral of the Black Sea including Taurida and Don provinces to the slopes of the Caucasus Mountains. The commodity wine, however, was imported and exported via different ports and border cities. Accordingly, not only divergent transregional and transnational interdependencies arose from these different conditions but also varying imaginations of the global, as well as individual belongings and affiliations.This project will examine wine not only as a globally circulating object of knowledge but also as a consumer product with its overarching economic and scientific ties, transfers and sometimes failed interactions. Moreover, it will also examine any deliberate distinctions and disintegrative aspects of Imperial Russian and Soviet history what may have led to the fact that most global histories have widely disregarded the empire up to now. The project focuses on three different aspects: first, the international wine blight, which existentially threatened many producers in France, as well as in Germany and Russia, second, the ways of acquisition and transfer of knowledge via different national and international educational institutions, public spheres and forums and finally, the adulteration of wine and trade mark counterfeiting and the actions taken by various agencies to forestall this global economic disaster on behalf of both producers and consumers.

该研究项目对俄罗斯帝国帝国的葡萄酒，葡萄酒消费和地窖技术进行了综合观点，从克里米亚战争结束到1941年6月德国对苏联的入侵，它与20世纪的本地，地区和全球后果。同时代人不仅对克里米亚起泡葡萄酒的高质量，而且对饱满的甜点葡萄酒感到特别满意。国际专家坚信，在19世纪的最后几十年中，葡萄文化已成为俄罗斯的大国，俄罗斯自信地期望使葡萄文化成为其主要产品之一。在国际比较的观点中，该项目显示了帝国和苏联的葡萄酒制造商如何应对毁灭性的生态，经济和政治危机，例如害虫和菲洛西尔，第一次世界大战，第一次世界大战伴随着禁酒，革命，内战，内战和集体化。葡萄酒生产地区基本上位于俄罗斯帝国的南部外围，从贝萨拉比亚（Bessarabia）到黑海的沿海，包括陶里达（Taurida）和唐省（Don Provinces）到高加索山脉的山坡。然而，商品葡萄酒是通过不同的港口和边境城市进口和出口的。因此，不仅从这些不同的条件中引起了分歧的跨区域和跨国相互依赖性，而且对全球的想象以及各个物品和分支机构的想象力都不同。本项目将不仅将葡萄酒作为全球知识对象，还可以作为一种消费者作为一种消费者作为一种消费者，而且具有其总体经济和科学的互动，有时甚至是失败的互动。此外，它还将研究俄罗斯帝国和苏联历史的任何有意的区别和瓦解方面，这可能导致了以下事实：大多数全球历史到目前为止已广泛忽视了帝国。该项目的重点是三个不同的方面：首先，国际葡萄酒疫病威胁着法国的许多生产者以及在德国和俄罗斯，其次，其次是通过不同的国家和国际教育机构，公共领域和论坛的获取和转移知识的方式，最后是对葡萄酒和商标的伪造和商标的伪装和各种经济灾难的融合，这些灾难和全球经济遭受了这些灾难的境地。