Migration in Tsarist Russia, 1830s to 1914

沙皇俄国的移民，1830 年代至 1914 年

• 批准号: 250857066
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Lutz Häfner
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Arbeitsbereich Geschichte des 19. und 20. Jahrhunderts
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2012-12-31 至 2018-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/250857066?language=en
• 关键词: Migration; Tsarist; Russia; 1830s; 1914; Migration; Tsarist; Russia; 1830s; 1914

The research project takes a synthesizing perspective on seasonal peasant work migration (otkhod) and transcontinental long distance migration (pereselenie) in Tsarist Russia from the 1830s to 1914. The aim is to analyze structures, forms, extent, and changes of migration. Moreover it covers material and immaterial push und pull factors in places of origin as well in the target regions. The study focuses on specific aspects of region, groups, generation, social strata and gender. It puts emphasis on the interplay of the different types of migration as well as the influences on the places of origin and the target regions. The project also deals with the chances of inclusion and the risks of exclusion within the new world. Finally, it is necessary to take into account the fate of about a million remigrants. Was remigration really an aspect of failure? What did happen to the remigrants? Did they return to their home regions? Were they reintegrated into the community of their old villages?The project is designed as a synthesis relying on a greater area study with a high level of abstraction and a small-scale case study with full depth of field. It covers three provinces of the central industrial region with its population of mainly ethnic Great Russians. Iaroslavl, Kaluga, and Tver featured the highest percentage of work migrants in Russia but participated in the long distance migration to various degrees. In order to explain the peasants patterns of migration, it is necessary to analyze the structural framework conditions such as the specifics in places of origin as well as in the target regions, the socio economic conditions from the province level down to the villages, local traditions, networks and regional preferences to earn money. In addition, it is indispensable to take into consideration the property situation, size and age structure of families as well the degree of education, the aspect of gender and the vocational skills of the individual. These parameters help to explain why the work migrants broke with their past and opted for long distance migration although this meant to renounce earnings for about two years. Subsidies and allowances by the Tsarist State did not compensate for this loss of income. Moreover, it was difficult for the individual to assess the health risks during migration. Therefore, the study focuses on the nexus between migration and health. Only recently, modern migration history started to deal with this aspect.In contrast to previous research, this project does not run out to understand otkhod mainly from trajectory of the developing working class. Focusing on practices and the historical agents, it rather examines the consequences on behalf of the migrants and their regions of origin. Because it does not isolate the two types of migration but looks at their interaction, it promises to explain the changes of the traditional features of migration.

该研究项目对从1830年代至1914年的沙皇俄罗斯的季节性农民工作迁移（OTKHOD）和洲际长距离迁移（Pereselenie）具有综合观点。其目的是分析结构，形式，形式，范围，范围，范围和变化。此外，它涵盖了目标区域的原产地点的材料和非物质推动和拉动因子。该研究的重点是地区，群体，一代，社会阶层和性别的特定方面。它强调了不同类型的迁移以及对原产地和目标区域的影响的相互作用。该项目还涉及纳入的机会和在新世界内排斥的风险。最后，有必要考虑到大约一百万移民的命运。移民真的是失败的方面吗？移民发生了什么？他们返回本国吗？他们是否重新融入了旧村庄的社区？该项目被设计为综合，依靠大量抽象和具有完整景深的小规模案例研究的大区域研究。它涵盖了中央工业地区的三个省，主要是伟大的俄罗斯人。 Iarostlavl，Kaluga和Tver的俄罗斯移民比例最高，但参与了各种程度的长距离迁移。为了解释农民的移民模式，有必要分析结构框架条件，例如原产地以及目标地区的细节，从省级到村庄，当地传统，网络，网络，网络和区域偏好的社会经济状况，以赚钱。此外，要考虑家庭的财产状况，规模和年龄结构以及教育程度，性别方面和个人的职业技能是必不可少的。这些参数有助于解释为什么工作的移民与他们的过去崩溃并选择了长距离移民，尽管这意味着要放弃大约两年的收入。沙皇国家的补贴和津贴未弥补这种收入损失。此外，个人很难评估迁移期间的健康风险。因此，该研究的重点是迁移与健康之间的联系。直到最近，现代移民历史才开始处理这一方面。与以前的研究相比，该项目并没有用尽了Otkhod，主要是从发展中的工人阶级的轨迹中。专注于实践和历史代理商，它代表移民及其原籍地区的后果。因为它不能隔离两种类型的迁移，而是考虑它们的相互作用，因此它有望解释传统迁移特征的变化。