Early Life Antecedents Predicting Adult Daily Affective Reactivity to Stress

早期生活经历预测成人对压力的日常情感反应

• 批准号: 2336167
• 负责人: Allison Farrell
• 金额: $ 64.87万
• 依托单位: Miami University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2024
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2024-04-01 至 2027-03-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2336167&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Early; Life; Antecedents; Predicting; Adult

When people experience stress, their positive emotions (e.g., joy, excitement, contentment) often decrease, and their negative emotions (e.g., anxiety, frustration, and anger) tend to increase. However, people vary in how much their emotions change with stress. This is called "daily affective reactivity to stress." Having greater affective reactivity is associated with poor outcomes including worse well-being, higher risks of mental and physical health problems, and dying earlier. This project investigates whether and how experiences during childhood, such as experiencing maltreatment and stress or receiving high quality parenting, predict daily affective reactivity to stress in adulthood. This project also investigates how the use of coping strategies in adulthood, such as seeking support, exercising, or using drugs or alcohol, might change or explain the links between childhood experiences and daily affective reactivity to stress in adulthood. The research informs the design of effective interventions for helping people respond constructively to daily stress. This project builds on the Minnesota Longitudinal Study of Risk and Adaptation, a longitudinal study that has followed a sample of people born into poverty for over 50 years. Now, with participants at age 50, this project has them complete 14 daily surveys reflecting on the stressful events that occur each day and how they respond in terms of positive and negative affect, support seeking, substance use, and exercise. These data are used to test whether early experiences predict daily affective reactivity to stress by looking at measures of maltreatment, life stress, and maternal sensitivity that were collected during the participants’ infancy and childhood. Two competing theoretical models of how early experiences shape adult stress reactivity are tested. The stress sensitization model proposes that adverse early experiences lead to greater reactivity to stressors in adulthood, with positive early experiences having protective effects. The stress inoculation model proposes that individuals with very high or very low early adversity will be more reactive to stress in adulthood, and individuals who experience moderate early adversity will be less reactive to stress. Detailed analyses of moderation and mediation effects determine whether tendencies to engage in support seeking, exercise, and substance use in response to stress change or explain links between early experiences and daily affective reactivity to stress. Results are shared with intervention and policy organizations to encourage application.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

当人们经历压力时，他们的积极情绪（例如快乐、兴奋、满足）往往会减少，而消极情绪（例如焦虑、沮丧和愤怒）往往会增加，但是，人们的情绪随压力变化的程度有所不同。这被称为“对压力的日常情感反应”。较高的情感反应与不良结果相关，包括较差的幸福感、较高的心理和身体健康问题风险以及较早死亡等。作为经历虐待和压力或接受高质量的养育，可以预测成年后对压力的日常情感反应。该项目还调查了成年期应对策略的使用，例如寻求支持、锻炼或使用毒品或酒精，可能会改变或解释这些联系。该研究为有效干预措施的设计提供了信息，以帮助人们建设性地应对日常压力。该项目建立在明尼苏达州风险与适应纵向研究的基础上，这是一项跟踪样本的纵向研究。出生于现在，该项目让 50 岁的参与者完成 14 项每日调查，反映每天发生的压力事件以及他们在积极和消极情绪、寻求支持、物质使用和精神方面的反应。这些数据用于通过观察参与者在婴儿期和儿童期收集的虐待、生活压力和母亲敏感性的测量结果来测试早期经历是否可以预测日常对压力的情感反应。测试成人应激反应。压力敏感化模型提出，不良的早期经历会导致成年后对压力源产生更大的反应，而积极的早期经历则具有保护作用。经历过中度早期逆境的个体对压力的反应会较弱，对调节和中介效应的详细分析决定了是否倾向于寻求支持、锻炼和使用药物来应对压力变化，或解释早期经历与日常情感之间的联系。结果与干预和政策组织共享，以鼓励申请。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。