Biodemography and senescence in long-lived painted turtles

长寿锦龟的生物人口学和衰老

• 批准号: 9272305
• 负责人: Anne Bronikowski
• 金额: $ 35.01万
• 依托单位: IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-05-15 至 2020-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9272305
• 关键词: Address; Age; Aging; Animals; Archives; Biological Models; Biological Process; Cell physiology; Cessation of life; Clinical Research; Collection; Comparative Biology; Complex; DNA Library; Data; Databases; Demography; Deterioration; Drosophila genus; Ecology; Elderly; Environmental Impact; Evolution; Exhibits; Failure; Female; Fertility; Gene Expression; Gene Expression Regulation; Genes; Genetic; Genetic Models; Genome; Genotype; Geriatrics; Growth; Heritability; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Human; Individual; Informatics; Inherited; Laboratories; Laboratory Study; Lead; Life; Life Experience; Light; Longevity; Longitudinal Studies; Mammals; Maps; Maternal Age; Measures; Mitochondria; Modeling; Molds; Molecular; Mus; Nematoda; Observational Study; Organ; Organism; Paint; Pattern; Phylogeny; Physiological; Population; Process; Quantitative Genetics; Regulation; Reporting; Reproduction; Reptiles; Research; Resources; Sampling; Series; Sex Characteristics; Social Impacts; Specificity; Stress; Study models; Techniques; Technology; Testing; Time; Tissue Banks; Turtles; Variant; Vertebrates; Work; age related; base; biodemography; cohort; experience; field study; flexibility; genetic analysis; genetic information; genetic pedigree; insight; life history; male; mortality; offspring; public health relevance; reproductive; reproductive senescence; resilience; senescence; sex; statistics; study population; theories; trait

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Why do we senesce? This question has intrigued many, perhaps since the dawn of our species. Remarkably, recent work on turtles has detected no evidence of demographic senescence, i.e. - no mortality and reproductive aging. Theory predicts the circumstances under which aging should evolve, implying that such senescence may be evolutionarily labile and its occurrence context-dependent. While predictions from theory have been borne out in short-lived organisms under controlled conditions, our understanding of the ecology and evolution of senescence in long-lived organisms in the wild, where it evolved, is lacking. Moreover, evolutionarily conserved molecular networks underlie aging in a wide array of animal taxa (fruit flies, mice, nematode worms). Whether and how such genetic and cellular mechanisms underlie mortality and reproductive senescence outside of the realm of laboratory models remains unknown. Quantifying aging and the evolutionary, ecological, and physiological determinants of such senescence in exceptional taxa will yield valuable insights into the evolution and persistence of senescence, and its co-regulation with other life-history traits. We will investigate key aspects of the evolution, ecology and genetics of aging in a wild population of painted turtles (Chrysemys picta), which has been studied in detail since 1988. We will answer the following questions. 1) Do these C. picta exhibit age-related declines in reproduction and increases in mortality, which is evidence for senescence? 2) Are there differences between the sexes and are there long-lasting impacts of early- age experiences on late-life mortality and fertility trajectories? 3) Are sex differences and early-life impacts on aing rates context dependent? 4) Is offspring lifespan positively related to maternal age or maternal and paternal genotype, thereby suggesting the inheritance of lifespan? 5) Do age-specific physiological profiles (specifically, gene-expression and mitochondrial energetics) underlie mortality and reproduction trajectories similar to mammals and model genetic organisms? We will address these questions with coordinated experimental and analytical approaches. Existing informatics and collections-based resources accumulated over the past 24 yrs., including TurtleBase - a database comprising integrated ecological, environmental, evolutionary, and genetic information corresponding to hundreds of turtles and nests - will provide the input to an analytical pipeline for modeling the biodemography of aging. Importantly, our on-the-ground turtle population has individuals of known age ranging from hatchling to maximum lifespan (ca. 25 yrs.). Samples of these individuals combined with our archived tissue and DNA bank will be leveraged to render us uniquely able to test these important questions.

描述（由申请人提供）：我们为什么要参与？自从我们物种黎明以来，这个问题引起了很多吸引人。值得注意的是，最近关于海龟的工作未检测到人口衰老的证据，即 - 没有死亡率和生殖衰老。理论预测了衰老应进化的环境，这意味着这种衰老可能在进化上不稳定及其依赖于上下文。尽管在受控的条件下，理论的预测已经在短寿命的生物体中证实，但我们对野生生物的衰老的生态和衰老的理解缺乏进化的野生生物。此外，进化保守的分子网络是各种动物类群（水果蝇，小鼠，线虫蠕虫）的衰老构成的。在实验室模型领域之外，这种遗传和细胞机制的死亡率和生殖衰老是否仍未知。量化衰老以及这种衰老中这种衰老的进化，生态和生理决定因素将对衰老的演变和持久性以及与其他生活历史特征的共同调节产生有价值的见解。 我们将研究狂野的粉红乌龟（Chrysemys Picta）中衰老的进化，生态学和遗传学的关键方面，自1988年以来，它已进行了详细研究。我们将回答以下问题。 1）这些C. picta与年龄相关的繁殖和死亡率增加是否显示出来，这是衰老的证据？ 2）性别之间是否存在差异，并且早期经历对晚年死亡率和生育轨迹有长期影响吗？ 3）性别差异和早期对Aing率背景的影响是否取决于？ 4）后代的寿命是否与母亲的年龄或母亲和父亲的基因型正相关，从而暗示了寿命的遗传？ 5）年龄特异性的生理特征（特别是基因表达和线粒体能量学）是否具有与哺乳动物和模型遗传生物相似的死亡率和繁殖轨迹的基础？ 我们将采用协调的实验和分析方法来解决这些问题。在过去的24年中积累的现有信息学和基于收集的资源，包括Turtlebase（包括综合生态，环境，进化和遗传信息，与数百只乌龟和巢相对应）的数据库，将为分析管道提供用于建模老化生物学的分析管道。重要的是，我们的现场乌龟人群具有已知年龄的个人，从孵化到最长的寿命（约25年）。这些个体的样本与我们的存档组织和DNA库相结合，将利用我们独特地测试这些重要问题。