MRI: Acquisition of an advanced X-ray detector for static and dynamic synchrotron X-ray scattering studies of materials at extreme conditions at the Advanced Photon Source

MRI：购买先进的 X 射线探测器，用于在先进光子源的极端条件下对材料进行静态和动态同步加速器 X 射线散射研究

• 批准号: 2320309
• 负责人: Alexander Goncharov
• 金额: $ 139.45万
• 依托单位: Carnegie Institution of Washington
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-09-01 至 2026-08-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2320309&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: MRI; Acquisition; advanced; ray; detector

This Major Research Instrumentation (MRI) award will permit the purchase of an advanced X-ray detector, EIGER2 S CdTe 9M at Sector 13 of the Advanced Photon Source, a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science user facility at Argonne National Laboratory (Chicago, IL). This detector upgrade will help to overcome the challenges in determining the structure and composition of materials in-situ at extreme pressure-temperature conditions, which are currently limited when trying to resolve many fundamental questions in Earth and planetary sciences. New capabilities enabled by this upgrade will facilitate novel experiments which will address key aspects of physical and chemical properties of Earth and planetary materials such as minerals, melts, and iron alloys, thus greatly advancing our understanding of planetary interior structure and dynamics. The proposed acquisition will significantly enhance frontier high pressure research being conducted at Sector 13. The quality of the synchrotron beam at the upgraded APS-U will be greatly improved, with a more tightly focused, brighter, and highly coherent beam. Acquisition of this new detector will take full advantage of the upgrade and will provide a vast and critical improvement in the quality of XRD. The hybrid-pixel EIGER2 CdTe detector from DECTRIS has significant technical advantages versus the currently used PILATUS detector with higher spatial resolution, larger dynamic range, and faster frame rates at high energies. These technical improvements will provide new abilities to determine XRD reflection shapes and positions much more precisely by spatially resolving closely positioned reflections. The detector will allow definitive detection of weak reflections in long acquisitions and discriminate them from much stronger spurious reflections, thus enabling numerous previously unrealizable applications. These improvements are most critical for single-crystal (SC) XRD and full profile refinement of powder XRD, which can determine the structure and composition of materials in situ at extreme P-T conditions. It is also critical for extending the P-T range of high-quality and high-resolution XRD studies to pressures approaching 1 TPa and temperatures approaching 10 kK, where samples are exceptionally small. An upgraded XRD facility will enable new investigations of equilibrium phase diagrams (including melting), phase transition kinetics and dynamics, the structure and composition of low-Z materials, and the structure of non-crystalline materials. New investigations will combine XRD measurements with a variety of laser heating techniques, dynamic compression, and cryogenic cooling of samples in the DAC. The proposed major technological improvements of the laser heating system combined with XRD will allow new experimental campaigns for addressing many fundamental questions through a much-improved capability to interrogate the structure and physical properties of Earth and planetary materials (e.g., minerals, melts, and iron alloys), greatly advancing our understanding of planetary interior structure and dynamics. Existing data are often contradictory (e.g., melting and thermal/ electrical transport properties) or too poorly constrained to provide unique answers. This underscores the need for comprehensive investigations of the properties of planetary material using in situ measurements on mantle and core analogues in well controlled and calibrated high P-T conditions, such as those made possible by the new detector proposed here.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

这项主要的研究工具奖（MRI）奖将允许在美国能源部的Argonne National Laboratory（伊利诺伊州芝加哥）的Advanced Photon Source的高级X射线探测器，Eiger2的CDTE 9M 900万。该探测器升级将有助于克服在极端压力温度条件下确定材料的结构和组成的挑战，目前试图解决地球和行星科学中的许多基本问题时，这些条件当前受到限制。该升级实现的新功能将有助于新型实验，这将介绍地球和行星材料（例如矿物质，熔体和铁合金）的物理和化学性质的关键方面，从而大大推进了我们对行星室内结构和动态的理解。拟议的采集将显着增强在13区进行的前沿高压研究。升级的APS-U处的同步器束的质量将得到很大的改进，并具有更紧密的焦点，更明亮，更加相干的光束。收购该新探测器将充分利用升级，并将为XRD的质量提供巨大而关键的改进。与当前使用的PILATUS检测器具有较高空间分辨率，较大的动态范围和更快的帧速率相比，来自Dectris的混合像素Eiger2 CDTE检测器具有显着的技术优势。这些技术改进将提供新的能力，以确定XRD反射形状和位置，更准确地说是通过空间解决紧密定位的反射。该检测器将允许在长期获取中对弱反射的明确检测，并将其与更强的虚假反射区分开，从而实现许多以前无法实现的应用。这些改进对于单晶（SC）XRD和粉末XRD的完整曲线改进至关重要，这可以确定在极端P-T条件下原位材料的结构和组成。对于将高质量和高分辨率XRD研究的P-T范围扩展到接近1 TPA的压力和接近10 KK的温度的压力，其中样品非常小，这也是至关重要的。升级的XRD设施将对平衡相图（包括熔化），相变动力学和动力学，低Z材料的结构和组成以及非晶体材料的结构进行新的研究。新的研究将将XRD测量与多种激光加热技术，动态压缩以及对DAC样品中样品的低温冷却相结合。激光加热系统与XRD相结合的拟议的重大技术改进将允许新的实验活动通过备受推验的能力来解决许多基本问题，以询问地球和行星材料的结构和物理特性（例如，矿物，融化和铁合金），对我们的理解，我们对地球的结构和动力学的了解很大程度上推进了我们的理解。现有数据通常是矛盾的（例如熔化和热/电气传输属性），或者过于限制，无法提供独特的答案。这强调了对行星材料在地幔和核心类似物中进行良好控制和校准的高P-T条件的原位测量的全面研究的需求，例如此处提出的新探测器所实现的可能性。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并通过评估智能效果和广泛的范围来进行评估。