Exploring mechanisms of plasticity and tolerance in early stage marine invertebrates in response to marine heatwaves

探索早期海洋无脊椎动物响应海洋热浪的可塑性和耐受性机制

基本信息

批准号：
2131283
负责人：
Gretchen Hofmann
金额：
$ 22.86万
依托单位：
University of California-Santa Barbara
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2021
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2021-12-01 至 2025-11-30
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2131283&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Exploring mechanisms plasticity tolerance early

项目摘要

Marine heatwaves (MHWs) – prolonged periods of unusually warm surface seawater temperatures - have increased in intensity and frequency in US coastal waters. Recent MHWs on the US West Coast have resulted in changes in species distributions, loss of biodiversity and closed fisheries due to harmful algal blooms. As the frequency of MHWs increase, these events will continue to impact natural marine ecosystems and important resources from the ocean (e.g., fishing and aquaculture). The goal of this project is to better understand how MHWs will affect coastal marine communities like kelp forests. A key missing piece of information is how early life-history stages, the stages that disperse and maintain healthy populations of marine organisms, fare in response to these anomalously high ocean temperatures. This project is investigating the response and resilience to MHW stress in embryos and larvae of two key marine invertebrates, the red and purple sea urchins that inhabit the kelp forests of coastal California. The red urchin is a valuable fishery (the roe is sold as uni) and data from this project is contributing to the management of this natural resource. Lastly, the project is training early career researchers, undergraduate and graduate students with a focus on broadening participation in the fields of science and technology. The broader impacts are providing research experiences and mentoring to under-represented undergraduates at UC Santa Barbara, a Hispanic-Serving Institution since 2015. The project directly supports the PhD dissertation research of three women Ph.D. graduate students from under-represented groups.This project aims to understand the consequences of anomalously high temperatures during MHW events on reproduction and early development of marine organisms. In the coastal California system, marine invertebrates of the kelp forest ecosystem are reproductive when MHWs tend to occur and intensify. The major goal is to examine how maternal and paternal effects, that play out in a MHW context, influence the thermal tolerance of early developmental stages of two sea urchin species from the temperate kelp forest communities of coastal California, the purple (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus) and red (Mesocentrotus franciscanus) sea urchins, the latter being an important wild fisheries species. This project is addressing climate-change relevant aspects of larval ecology and is examining how phenotypic plasticity contributes to adaptive capacity of marine organisms. A series of traits are being assessed for each species: (1) fertilization kinetics, (2) successful developmental progression, (3) thermal tolerance (via thermal tolerance trials and biochemical indices of thermal stress), and (4) parental effects. Gene expression using RNA sequencing is capturing the influence of maternal effects to address whether females that experience MHW temperatures in situ during gametogenesis produce progeny with greater thermal tolerance via changes of the larval transcriptome.This project is jointly funded by the Biological Oceanography and Integrative Ecological Physiology Programs.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

海洋热浪（MHW）——表面海水温度长时间异常温暖——在美国沿海水域的强度和频率有所增加，最近美国西海岸的海洋热浪导致了物种分布的变化、生物多样性的丧失以及有害渔业的关闭。随着海藻爆发频率的增加，这些事件将继续影响自然海洋生态系统和海洋重要资源（例如渔业和水产养殖）。该项目的目标是更好地了解如何影响。 MHW 将影响海带森林等沿海海洋群落，其中一个关键的缺失信息是海洋生物的早期生命史阶段（即分散和维持海洋生物健康种群的阶段）如何应对这些异常高的海洋温度。两种主要海洋无脊椎动物的胚胎和幼虫对 MHW 应激的反应和恢复能力，即栖息在加利福尼亚州沿海海带森林中的红海胆和紫海胆。（鱼子酱作为大学出售），该项目的数据有助于管理这一自然资源。最后，该项目正在培训早期职业研究人员、本科生和研究生，重点是扩大科学技术领域的参与。更广泛的影响是为加州大学圣巴巴拉分校的本科生提供研究经验和指导，该机构自 2015 年以来一直是西班牙裔服务机构。该项目直接支持来自代表性不足群体的三名女博士生的博士论文研究。这个项目旨在了解 MHW 事件期间异常高温对海洋生物繁殖和早期发育的影响，主要目标是检查加利福尼亚沿海系统中海带森林生态系统的海洋无脊椎动物在 MHW 发生和加剧时进行繁殖。在 MHW 背景下，母体和父体效应如何影响来自加利福尼亚沿海温带海带森林群落的两种海胆物种的早期发育阶段的热耐受性，紫色海胆紫海胆（Strongylocentrotus purpuratus）和红海胆（Mesocentrotus franciscanus），后者是重要的野生渔业物种，该项目正在研究幼虫生态学的气候变化相关问题，并研究表型可塑性如何促进海洋生物的适应能力。正在评估每个物种的性状：(1) 受精动力学，(2) 成功的发育进程，(3) 耐热性（通过耐热性试验和(4) 亲代效应，使用 RNA 测序捕获母体效应的影响，以解决在配子发生过程中原位经历 MHW 温度的雌性是否通过幼虫转录组的变化产生具有更高热耐受性的后代。该项目由生物海洋学和综合生态生理学计划联合资助。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，认为值得支持。