The function of lipid flippases in plant growth and thermotolerance

脂质翻转酶在植物生长和耐热性中的功能

• 批准号: 2129234
• 负责人: Jeffrey Harper
• 金额: $ 101.69万
• 依托单位: Board of Regents, NSHE, obo University of Nevada, Reno
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-04-15 至 2026-03-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2129234&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: function; lipid; flippases; plant; growth

A broader impact objective of this project is to develop crop plants that are more tolerant to heat stress. Climate change is expected to result in more frequent and severe periods of heat stress that will significantly reduce yields from agricultural crops. Simultaneously, projections indicate that world-wide food production must increase by more than 70% to feed an expected increase in the global human population to 10 billion by 2057. To meet the growing food demands it is critical that we develop crop plants that are more tolerant to heat stress conditions (i.e., the new normal). The proposed project aims to better understand how plants remodel their lipid membranes during heat stress, with a specific focus on a family of enzymes that flip lipids across membranes (lipid flippases). The research goals include engineering selected lipid flippases to be more active and testing whether these modified enzymes can accelerate the rate in which plants remodel their membranes to cope with changing temperatures. The research will determine whether this “faster membrane remodeling” strategy has any positive effect on plant growth, fertility, and seed yield under heat stress conditions. If successful, this technology could be applied to crop species and potentially improve yields under heat-stress conditions, thus strengthening global food-security in a warming world. Additionally, the research will provide a venue for teams of undergraduate student researchers to gain in-depth research experience in the field of plant biology. The long-term scientific goal is to understand the cellular functions of lipid flippases in eukaryotic cells and to use that knowledge to develop strategies to make crop plants more climate resilient. In plants, lipid flippases are referred to as ALAs (Aminophospho-Lipid ATPases, or P4-type ATPases) and these enzymes utilize ATP hydrolysis to catalyze the flipping of specific lipids from one side of the membrane to the other. Genetic knockouts of several ALAs in Arabidopsis result in plants that are hypersensitive to temperature changes. The central hypothesis guiding the research is that lipid flippases play critical roles in the rapid remodeling of membranes in response to changing temperatures. The first aim is to use domain swapping and site specific mutagenesis to identify important regulatory features within different ALAs. A key hypothesis to be tested is that variations in the C-terminal domain confer specific cellular functions, either by changing an ALA’s activity, regulation, localization, or substrate specificity. The second aim is to use lipidomics to quantify the abundance of specific lipids and determine whether a temperature-sensitive ala3 mutant has a defect in lipid remodeling during hot and cold temperature stresses. The third aim will determine whether the expression of a hyperactive ALA can improve vegetative growth or reproductive fitness under heat-stress conditions. The practical focus is to use recently gained knowledge on the C-terminal regulatory domains of ALAs to develop a novel strategy for improving thermotolerance in crop plants.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

较广泛的物镜发展对热应激的耐热性和严重的热应激时期的植物会产生一些农作物。到2057年，全球人口至100亿美元。D我们在这里更适合热应激条件。热应力，特定的重点。膜重塑“策略对在热应激下对植物生长种子产量有任何积极影响，可以应用于农作物物种，并有可能提高产量 - 压力疾病，因此在温暖世界中的强度全球粮食安全。此外，该研究提供了一个场地对于本科生研究人员的团队，可以在植物生物学领域获得深入的研究经验。植物中的气候弹性更高，脂质的flips被称为talyze，从膜的一侧转移到拟南芥的遗传敲除，从而使植物在温度变化中呈敏感性。快速重塑膜，以识别不同alas中的重要特征。温度敏感的ALA3突变体是否在重塑热温度应力中具有A。 - 糟糕的贸易域是为了改善作物植物中的耐热性而发展的。该奖项反映了NSF'SF'Stututory Mission，并使用基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响评估标准，被认为值得通过评估值得支持。

项目成果

Investigation of the biochemical controls on mercury uptake and mobility in trees

树木汞吸收和迁移的生化控制研究

• DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158101
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Science of The Total Environment
• 影响因子: 9.8
• 作者: Gustin, Mae Sexauer;Dunham-Cheatham, Sarrah M.;Harper, Jeffrey F.;Choi, Won-Gyu;Blum, Joel D.;Johnson, Marcus W.
• 通讯作者: Johnson, Marcus W.

Resting cytosol Ca2+ level maintained by Ca2+ pumps affects environmental responses in Arabidopsis

Ca2泵维持的静息细胞质Ca2水平影响拟南芥的环境反应

• DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad047
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Plant Physiology
• 影响因子: 7.4
• 作者: Li, Zhan;Harper, Jeffrey F.;Weigand, Chrystle;Hua, Jian
• 通讯作者: Hua, Jian

Disruption of pollen tube homogalacturonan synthesis relieves pollen tube penetration defects in the Arabidopsis O-FUCOSYLTRANSFERASE1 mutant

• DOI: 10.1007/s00497-023-00468-5
• 发表时间: 2023-05
• 期刊: Plant Reproduction
• 影响因子: 3.4
• 作者: Kayleigh Robichaux;Devin K. Smith;Madison Blea;Chrystle Weigand;J. Harper;I. Wallace