Collaborative Research: Development of a New Instrument for Underway High-Resolution Estimates of Aquatic Gross Primary Production

合作研究：开发一种新仪器，用于正在进行的水生初级生产力的高分辨率估算

• 批准号: 2123199
• 负责人: David Nicholson
• 金额: $ 39.02万
• 依托单位: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-09-01 至 2025-08-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2123199&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Development; New; Instrument

Photosynthesis is arguably the most critical biological process of our climate system. It is also central to the trophic and metabolic states of ecosystems. Refining estimates of photosynthesis is therefore critical to our understanding of biogeochemistry and the global climate. Spatial variability of photosynthesis is difficult to resolve due to limitations in technology; the development of high-resolution instrumentation is needed to close this gap. To characterize the geographical distribution of marine photosynthesis, this research will develop an instrument for underway shipboard measurements of aquatic photosynthesis by spectral monitoring of dissolved oxygen (O2) isotopes. Named GOPTICAS (Gross Oxygen Production by Triple Isotope Cavity ringdown laser Absorption Spectroscopy), this instrument will allow for high-resolution observations of photosynthetic O2 evolution, or gross primary production (GPP) by monitoring the dissolved O2 triple isotope signature by wavelength-scanned cavity ring-down absorption spectroscopy (CRDS). The new instrument will extract dissolved O2 into a dried gas stream, then convert it to water (H2O) in a fuel cell downstream of which the isotopic signature of the produced water (H2O) will be monitored with a CRDS. GOPTICAS will 1) provide high-resolution, near real-time and precise mapping of GPP rates to guide sampling strategies, 2) allow for simple field deployment, and finally 3) can be duplicated by other research groups interested in GPP in marine and freshwater ecosystems. Measurements directly in the field will also limit artifacts associated with sample handling and long-term preservation. The instrument will be tested on short cruises aboard the R/V Shearwater in Pamlico Sound and in the Gulf Stream, and on Northeast Shelf LTER cruises. GOPTICAS will improve the characterization of the biogeography of marine photosynthesis, a microbial process with profound biogeochemical implications. Once developed and validated, GOPTICAS will help constrain the global carbon budget and ultimately improve our mechanistic understanding of the feedbacks and coupling between photosynthesis and climate and, in the process, inform and challenge models of ocean biogeochemistry. Finally, this study will be used as a platform to 1) broaden participation in STEM among a diverse population of High School and Undergraduate students through creation of research-based, experiential learning opportunities in engineering and environmental science, 2) teach our lab members how to communicate climate science to the public, and 3) collectively engage students and the public in a discourse about climate change, one of the most pressing issues facing our society in the 21st century.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

光合作用可以说是我们气候系统中最关键的生物学过程。它也是生态系统的营养和代谢状态的核心。因此，光合作用的精炼估计对于我们对生物地球化学和全球气候的理解至关重要。由于技术的限制，光合作用的空间变异性很难解决。需要开发高分辨率仪器来缩小这一差距。为了表征海洋光合作用的地理分布，这项研究将开发一种仪器，用于通过光谱监测溶解氧（O2）同位素的光谱监测来测量水生光合作用。该仪器命名为gopticas（通过三相同位素腔环激光镜的产生总氧），该仪器将允许通过监测溶解的O2 Triple同位素签名来对光合作用O2进化的高分辨率观察，或者通过波长扫描长度扫描型载体腔环量谱图（CRDS）通过监测溶解的O2 Triple同位素签名（GPP）。新仪器将将溶解的O2提取到干燥的气流中，然后将其转换为下游的燃料电池中的水（H2O），该燃料电池的同位素签名将用CRD进行监测。 Gopticas将1）提供高分辨率，几乎实时和GPP率的精确映射以指导采样策略，2）允许简单的现场部署，最后3）可以由对海洋和淡水生态系统中GPP感兴趣的其他研究小组重复。直接在现场的测量还将限制与样品处理和长期保存相关的伪影。该仪器将在Pamlico Sound和Gulf Stream的R/V Shearwater上的短巡航以及东北货架上进行测试。 Gopticas将改善海洋光合作用生物地理学的表征，这是一种具有深远的生物地球化学意义的微生物过程。 一旦开发和验证，Gopticas将有助于限制全球碳预算，并最终提高我们对光合作用和气候之间的反馈和耦合的机械理解，并在此过程中为海洋生物地球化学的启发和挑战模型提供信息和挑战。最后，这项研究将用作平台1）通过创建基于研究的，工程和环境科学领域的基于研究的，体验的学习机会，扩大在高中和本科生中的STEM的平台，2）教我们的实验室成员如何将气候科学交流与公众交流，以及3）共同使学生和公众在一个宣布的社会中，涉及我们的社会，这是21个社会，这是21个社会，一份人类的社会，涉及21个社会。使命，并被认为是通过基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛影响的审查标准通过评估值得支持的。