Collaborative Research: Multi-Platform Approach to Evaluate Spring Bloom Timing and Carbon Export Processes in the North Atlantic Ocean

合作研究：评估北大西洋春季开花时间和碳输出过程的多平台方法

• 批准号: 2023080
• 负责人: David Nicholson
• 金额: $ 48.81万
• 依托单位: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-09-01 至 2024-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2023080&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Multi; Platform; Approach

Approximately one quarter of carbon emissions each year is taken up by the worlds’ oceans, which play a critical role in the global carbon cycle. As the oceans continue to respond to climate change, it is important to understand the carbon cycle and how it will change as well. In the surface waters of the ocean, phytoplankton take up carbon through photosynthesis, and a small fraction of this material then sinks to the deeper ocean in a process referred to as the “biological pump.” Current estimates of the global biological pump are similar in size to the amount of global carbon emissions, but uncertainties in these estimates are very large. This project will focus on understanding the role that marine phytoplankton in the North Atlantic Ocean play in the carbon cycle. The project will employ coordinated use of state-of-the-art, remote observational tools, namely biogeochemical profiling floats and ocean color observations from satellites. New techniques will be developed to maximize the information that can be glean from these observations and constrain biological carbon fluxes out of the sunlit upper ocean and through its deeper interior layers over basin-wide, seasonal, and annual scales. Finally, the performance of existing, satellite-based models of these biological fluxes will be evaluated in comparison with analogous estimates made from biogeochemical profiling float data, which can help to fill in satellite observing gaps below the surface and during periods of heavy cloud cover. The proposed effort will provide training and mentorship to a graduate student and a postdoctoral researcher. Outreach will be conducted through the 2021 Education And Research: Testing Hypotheses (EARTH) Workshop: A successful, ~15-year collaborative effort between MBARI and the Monterey Bay Aquarium to assist educators with incorporating ocean science information and real-time data into the classroom. To enhance diversity and inclusion in ocean science, a first-generation college student will be selected to participate in the 2021 MBARI Summer Intern Program. Persistent and spatially-distributed in situ observations are needed to develop, and continuously train, more accurate models and remote-sensing algorithms to reduce the uncertainty (currently 100%) in estimates of the biological pump magnitude. The goals of the proposed effort are to develop, implement, and compare robust methods for quantifying biological carbon sequestration by leveraging the complementary information provided by bio-optical and chemical sensors on profiling floats deployed in the North Atlantic Ocean. This project will dovetail with several larger observational programs (EXPORTS, PACE, and pending Global Biogeochemical Argo) and leverage committed NOAA and NASA funding to deploy four biogeochemical profiling floats. Results from the analysis of float data will also be compared with estimates derived from satellite observations to assess the influences of 1) subpolar spring bloom timing and magnitude; and 2) more efficient subtropical carbon export processes, on the amount of carbon annually sequestered by the biological pump. Evaluating carbon production, recycling, and export from different perspectives (e.g., chemical, optical, and remote sensing), will capitalize on the strengths of different sensors and platforms using a combination of standard and novel methods. Quality-control of the data from ~300 existing and four newly deployed profiling floats in the North Atlantic will result in a valuable resource for other investigators. Data handling and processing tools developed during this project will be made publicly available to reduce barriers to entry for other scientists and students interested in analyzing large volumes of BGC float and ocean color data.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

每年大约四分之一的碳排放量被世界海洋所吸收，这在全球碳循环中起着至关重要的作用。随着海洋继续对气候变化的反应，重要的是要了解碳循环及其将如何变化。在海洋的地表水域中，浮游植物通过光合作用吸收碳，一小部分材料在称为“生物泵”的过程中沉入了更深的海洋。当前对全球生物泵的估计值与全球碳排放量的数量相似，但是这些估计值的不确定性非常大。该项目将着重于了解北大西洋中海洋浮游植物在碳循环中发挥的作用。该项目将采用最先进的远程观察工具的协调使用，即生物地球化学分析浮子和卫星岩的海洋色素观测。将开发新技术，以最大程度地提高这些观察值和约束生物碳通量从日光下海洋中汲取的信息，并通过其在盆地，季节性和年度尺度上通过其更深的内部层。最后，将评估现有的，基于卫星的生物通量模型的性能，与生物地球化学分析浮点数据相比，将评估相似的估计，这可以帮助填补卫星观察者在表面以下和厚实的云层覆盖时期。拟议的努力将为研究生和博士后研究员提供培训和心态。外展活动将通过2021年的教育和研究进行：测试假设（Earth）研讨会：Mbari和Monterey Bay Aquarium之间的成功，〜15年的合作工作，以帮助教育工作者将海洋科学信息和实时数据纳入教室。为了增强海洋科学中的多样性和包容性，将选择第一代大学生参加2021年MBARI暑期实习计划。需要持久和空间分布的原位观察结果来开发并不断训练，更准确的模型和遥感算法，以减少生物泵幅度估计的不确定性（当前100％）。拟议的努力的目标是通过利用生物光学和化学传感器提供的完整信息来开发，实施和比较量化生物学碳会话的强大方法，以在北大西洋部署的浮子上进行分析。该项目将与几个较大的观察计划（出口，步伐和等待全球生物地球化学Argo）相吻合，并利用承诺的NOAA和NASA资金来部署四个生物地球化学分析浮标。浮点数据分析的结果也将与从卫星观测结果得出的估计值进行比较，以评估1）亚极春季花的时间和幅度； 2）在每年被生物泵隔离的碳量上，更有效的亚热带碳输出过程。从不同的角度（例如化学，光学和远程灵敏度）评估碳生产，回收和导出，将利用标准和新颖方法的组合利用不同传感器和平台的优势。来自北大西洋的300个现有和四个新部署的分析浮子的数据的质量控制将为其他调查人员带来宝贵的资源。该项目期间开发的数据处理和处理工具将公开使用，以减少有兴趣分析大量BGC Float和Ocean Color Data的其他科学家和学生的入境障碍。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并通过使用基金会的知识分子和更广泛的影响来审查审查标准来通过评估来诚实地通过评估来诚实地支持。