Collaborative Research: The Annual Cycle of the Biological Carbon Pump in the Subpolar North Atlantic

合作研究：北大西洋副极地生物碳泵的年度循环

• 批准号: 1756613
• 负责人: David Nicholson
• 金额: $ 62.57万
• 依托单位: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-03-01 至 2023-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1756613&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Annual; Cycle; Biological

Ocean biology plays an important role in the Earth's carbon cycle. While most of the organic material produced by phytoplankton in the sunlit surface waters of the oceans is eaten and recycled in the surface waters, a small amount sinks to the deep ocean in what is called the "biological carbon pump." The biological pump is particularly hard to study in high latitude regions, which can be difficult to get to and challenging to work in. It is also particularly important to understand the biological pump in these parts of the ocean, where much of the world's deep ocean waters are formed. The export of carbon to deep waters can be estimated by carefully measuring the amount of excess oxygen left behind in surface waters. Oxygen in seawater can be measured very precisely using sensors deployed on moorings, floats, and gliders. These sensors can be deployed for years at a time, but their measurements must be carefully calibrated. In this project, investigators would use carefully calibrated oxygen sensors on gliders to, in turn, calibrate the oxygen sensors on a set of moorings in the high latitude North Atlantic Ocean, to study the biological carbon pump over a period of two years. The project would train several undergraduate students and a graduate student, and result in the development of educational laboratory materials that incorporate glider and mooring data from the project.The goal of this proposal is to observationally constrain the annual magnitude and seasonal timing of the biological carbon pump (determined as annual net community production; ANCP) and its influence on air-sea carbon dioxide flux by using biogeochemical sensor measurements from the Ocean Observatories Initiative (OOI) Irminger Sea Array. However, existing OOI oxygen sensor calibration suffers from both pre- and post-deployment drift, currently precluding the ability to calculate ANCP by oxygen mass balance. The investigators therefore propose to improve the accuracy and utility of OOI Irminger Sea oxygen measurements by deploying two gliders configured for air calibration of their oxygen sensors when surfacing between profiles. These air-calibrated gliders will be used to intercalibrate all 12 existing oxygen sensors on the Irminger Sea Array and produce a calibrated oxygen product incorporating data from all sensors, which will ensure sufficient accuracy to calculate ANCP. Both the annual magnitude and seasonal timing of ANCP, including upper ocean biological productivity and thermocline respiration, will be determined using an oxygen mass balance approach within a data- constrained 1D physical model. A suite of 1D model simulations including the inorganic carbon system, gas exchange, and ANCP determined from oxygen mass balance will be used, together with OOI carbon dioxide measurements, to diagnose influences of physical and biological drivers of air-sea carbon dioxide flux, improving both quantitative and mechanistic understanding of how the biological pump influences the carbon cycle.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

海洋生物学在地球周期中起着重要作用。虽然浮游植物在海洋阳光地表水中生产的大多数有机材料都在地表水中食用并回收，但少量在所谓的“生物碳泵”中沉入深海。在高纬度地区，生物泵尤其难以研究，这可能很难到达，并且很难挑战。了解在海洋这些地区的生物泵中，尤其重要。可以通过仔细测量地表水中留下的多余氧气量来估算碳的出口。可以使用部署在系泊，浮子和滑翔机上的传感器非常精确地测量海水中的氧气。这些传感器可以一次部署多年，但是必须仔细校准它们的测量值。在该项目中，研究人员将在滑翔机上使用精心校准的氧气传感器，从而在高纬度北大西洋高纬度的一组系泊设备上校准氧气传感器，以在两年的时间内研究生物碳泵。该项目将培训几名本科生和一名研究生，并导致发展教育实验室材料的发展，这些材料结合了该项目的滑翔机和系泊数据。该提案的目的是在观察上限制生物碳泵的年度幅度和季节性和季节性的时间和季节性的时间（确定为年度净社区生产； （ooi）Irminger海阵列。但是，现有的OOI氧气传感器校准遭受了前部和后移植的损坏，目前排除了通过氧气质量平衡来计算ANCP的能力。因此，研究人员建议通过部署两个配置用于空气校准其氧气传感器的滑翔机，以提高OOI Irminger Sea氧测量的准确性和实用性。这些经过空气校准的滑翔机将用于对Irminger Sea Array上的所有12个现有氧气进行互化，并生产校准的氧气，这些氧气均包含所有传感器的数据，这将确保足够的准确性来计算ANCP。 ANCP的年度幅度和季节性时间（包括上海生物生产力和热跃层呼吸）都将在数据约束的1D物理模型中使用氧气质量平衡方法来确定。将使用一套1D模型模拟，包括无机碳系统，由氧气质量平衡确定的无机碳系统，气体交换和ANCP，以及OOI二氧化碳测量结果，以诊断空气和生物学驱动因素的影响二氧化碳的物理和生物驱动因素的影响，并既改善了定量和机械性泵，又有讽刺意味值得通过基金会的智力优点和更广泛的影响审查标准来通过评估来支持。

项目成果

The North Atlantic Biological Pump: Insights from the Ocean Observatories Initiative Irminger Sea Array

北大西洋生物泵：来自海洋观测站倡议伊尔明格海洋阵列的见解

• DOI: 10.5670/oceanog.2018.108
• 发表时间: 2018
• 期刊: Oceanography
• 影响因子: 2.8
• 作者: Palevsky, Hilary;Nicholson, David
• 通讯作者: Nicholson, David