Collaborative Research: Sources and transformations of export production: A novel 50-year record of pelagic-benthic coupling from coral and plankton bioarchives

合作研究：出口生产的来源和转变：来自珊瑚和浮游生物生物档案的中上层-底栖耦合的 50 年新记录

• 批准号: 2049308
• 负责人: Nicholas Record
• 金额: $ 18.94万
• 依托单位: Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-03-01 至 2025-02-28
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2049308&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Sources; transformations; export

Changes in ocean life, the environment, and the climate can influence the timing and composition of biological material that sinks to the sea floor. As this material sinks it is consumed by bottom-dwelling organisms such as deep-sea corals. Similar to tree rings, corals preserve a history of growth embedded in their skeletons, which can be analyzed using a new technique called microgeochemistry. This project is compiling a historic dataset from deep-sea corals spanning 50 years in the Gulf of Maine to understand how biological material sinking to the bottom has changed with time. Results from the coral analysis are being compared with archival samples of small planktonic crustaceans, copepods, to better understand the connection between productivity in the surface waters and the geochemical record in the coral tissue. A complementary modeling approach is identifying environmental and climatic drivers of decadal-scale oceanographic change with the sources and transformations of organic matter that connect the surface and the deep ocean. This cross-disciplinary project is unifying transformational research with broader impacts focused on science education and outreach that broaden the understanding of the links between climate, oceanography, and marine ecosystem response using a 50-year historical context. Two open access, media-enhanced, and National curriculum standards-aligned educational lessons plans are being developed through partnerships with a science documentary filmmaker, K-12 teachers from RI and ME, and the PBS LearningMedia Program. The topics of these lesson plans are: 1) Deep-sea exploration: A window into the past and future, and 2) Changing food webs on a changing planet. The project’s educational goals include training of three graduate students, career development of five early career researchers, and research experiences for undergraduates from underrepresented groups in STEM. The multi-faceted research and education effort is addressing a question described as highest priority in the Ocean Sciences by the National Research Council: How are ocean biogeochemical and physical processes linked to today’s climate variability and its variability? Pelagic-benthic coupling regulates ocean production and food webs dynamics, biogeochemical cycling, and climate feedback mechanisms through the export of surface production to the ocean interior. Yet access to long-term data sets of export production are scarce and urgently needed to test assumptions about 1) the sources and transformations of organic matter through different food web pathways, and 2) the variability of these processes across climatic, oceanographic, and ecological changes through time. The proposed work is testing key hypotheses about bottom-up mechanisms that link decadal-scale oceanographic changes in hydrography and biogeochemical cycling with phytoplankton community composition, zooplankton abundance and trophic dynamics, and the resulting composition of export production. Complementary approaches are generating multiple and independent 50+ year, annually resolved time series of phytoplankton community composition, zooplankton trophic dynamics, and export composition. Coral tissue and archived zooplankton samples are being analyzed using pioneering molecular geochemistry approaches to assess changes in diet related variation in primary production. Deep-sea corals are being collected using a remotely operated vehicle (ROV), and zooplankton are available through archival samples from a Gulf of Maine long-term monitoring program managed by NOAA. The stable isotope data are being integrated with additional data from existing long-standing ocean monitoring programs and incorporated into a unifying modeling approach to identify unique ecosystem states and their environmental drivers. The project is focused on Jordan Basin in the Gulf of Maine, which has a long history of oceanographic study and is experiencing significant changes due to climate warming, making it an ideal natural laboratory for testing hypotheses on drivers of change in the composition of exported organic matter, and the relative importance of primary (e.g., phyto-detritus) vs. secondary production (e.g., copepod fecal pellets), and large vs. small pelagic plankton dynamics.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

海洋生物，环境和气候的变化会影响沉入海底的生物学材料的时机和组成。随着这种材料沉没，它被底部有生物（例如深海珊瑚）所消耗。与树环类似，珊瑚保留了其骨骼中嵌入生长史的历史，可以使用一种称为微地球化学的新技术进行分析。该项目正在汇编一个历史悠久的数据集，从缅因州海湾50年的深海珊瑚，以了解生物材料如何随着时间而变化。将珊瑚分析的结果与小浮游甲壳类动物的档案样本进行了比较，以更好地了解地表水中的生产力与珊瑚组织中的地球化学记录之间的联系。一种完整的建模方法是确定际际尺度海洋学变化的环境和气候驱动因素，并通过将表面和深海的有机物的来源和转换来进行。这个跨学科的项目正在统一转型研究，更广泛的影响着重于科学教育和宣传，从而扩大了使用50年的历史背景来扩大气候，海洋学和海洋生态系统响应之间联系的理解。通过与科学纪录片制片人，来自RI和ME的K-12老师以及PBS LearningMedia计划的合作，正在制定两个开放访问，具有媒体增强和国家课程标准的教育课程计划。这些课程计划的主题是：1）深海探索：通往过去和未来的窗口，以及2）在不断变化的星球上改变食物网。该项目的教育目标包括对三名研究生的培训，五名早期职业研究人员的职业发展以及STEM中代表性不足群体的本科生的研究经验。多方面的研究和教育工作正在解决国家研究委员会中描述为海洋科学中最高优先事项的问题：海洋生物地球化学和物理过程与当今气候变异性及其可变性有联系吗？骨髓耦合通过将地面生产出口出口到海洋内部来调节海洋生产和食物网的动力学，生物地球化学循环以及气候反馈机制。然而，稀缺出口生产的长期数据集以测试大约1）通过不同的食物网途径的有机物的来源和转化的假设需要稀缺，而2）2）这些过程在气候，海洋学和生态变化过程中的变异性随时间变化。拟议的工作是测试有关自下而上机制的关键假设，这些假设将deCADAL规模的海洋学变化与浮游植物社区组成，浮游动力学和营养动态以及导出产生产生的组成。互补方法正在生成多个和独立的50多年，每年解决浮游植物社区组成，浮游动力学和出口组成的时间序列。正在使用开创性的分子地球化学方法分析珊瑚组织和存档的浮游动物样品，以评估初级生产中饮食相关的变化的变化。正在使用远程操作的车辆（ROV）收集深海珊瑚，并且可以通过NOAA管理的缅因州长期监测计划的档案样本获得浮游动物。稳定的同位素数据正在与现有的长期海洋监测计划中的其他数据集成在一起，并将其纳入统一的建模方法中，以识别独特的生态系统状态及其环境驱动力。 The project is focused on Jordan Basin in the Gulf of Maine, which has a long history of oceanographic study and is experiencing significant changes due to climate warming, making it an ideal natural laboratory for testing hypotheses on drivers of change in the composition of exported organic matter, and the relative importance of primary (e.g., phyto-detritus) vs. secondary production (e.g., copepod fecal pellets), and large vs.小型浮游生物动力学。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并通过使用基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响审查标准来评估，被认为是珍贵的支持。

项目成果

The Surprising Oceanography of the Gulf of Maine

缅因湾令人惊奇的海洋学

• DOI: 10.53558/jdzi8238
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Maine Policy Review
• 作者: Record, Nicholas R;Tupper, Benjamin;Evanilla, Johnathan;Oliveira, Kyle;Ross, Camille;Ngai, Logan;Stamieszkin, Karen
• 通讯作者: Stamieszkin, Karen

Asymmetry in the rate of warming and the phenology of seasonal blooms in the Northeast US Shelf Ecosystem

美国东北部陆架生态系统变暖速度和季节性花朵物候的不对称

• DOI: 10.1093/icesjms/fsad007
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: ICES Journal of Marine Science
• 影响因子: 3.3
• 作者: Friedland, Kevin D;Record, Nicholas R;Pendleton, Daniel E;Balch, William M;Stamieszkin, Karen;Moisan, John R;Brady, Damian C
• 通讯作者: Brady, Damian C