Collaborative Research: Mechanisms Supporting Persistence of a Key Plankton Species During Climate Change on the Northwest Atlantic Continental Shelf

合作研究：支持西北大西洋大陆架气候变化期间关键浮游生物物种持续存在的机制

• 批准号: 1459092
• 负责人: Nicholas Record
• 金额: $ 13.63万
• 依托单位: Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-04-01 至 2019-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1459092&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Mechanisms; Supporting; Persistence

In the Gulf of Maine region, rapid warming of the ocean surface in recent years has raised concern in the research and resource management communities, fishing industry and the general public about effects on the coastal marine ecosystem. This interdisciplinary, collaborative project will improve understanding of the physical and biological processes controlling the abundance of a planktonic animal that is particularly important in the food web of the northeast coastal ocean. About the size of a grain of rice, the marine copepod Calanus finmarchicus is the primary prey for herring and other forage fish, as well as for the endangered northern right whale. This study will examine whether transport of C. finmarchicus into the Gulf of Maine from cold Canadian waters, in combination with growth and reproduction in the relatively cold Maine Coastal Current, is sufficient to supply the region with the numbers needed to attract and nourish the fish, seabirds and mammals that rely on its energy rich life stages, despite recent ocean warming. The research team will develop a computer model that links extensive understanding of the species' life history with ocean currents and temperature. Results from the model will be tested against field collections at two locations. This study will also contribute to the new Integrated Sentinel Monitoring Network, a joint effort planned by federal and state agencies with academic research participation to monitor future ecosystem change on the northeastern coastal shelf. It will train a graduate student and postdoctoral scientist in interdisciplinary research and also provide support for an early-career investigator.The project will take a process modeling approach that takes into account regional and mesoscale interaction between life history and bathymetry and circulation to improve understanding of planktonic species distribution shifts. It will combine two decades of research on Calanus finmarchicus life history, including diapause, with a high resolution regional circulation model into an innovative application of a three dimensional, physical-biological model. The modeling approach represents an advancement of climate forecasts of species ranges by coupling a Lagrangian perspective with local processes to better resolve complex range boundaries. It will use Lagrangian parameters such as finite-scale or finite-time Lyapunov exponents, translating particle trajectories into scalar fields that represent the structure of the advective regime. The model will be informed by and tested with measurements of vital rates and demographic data collected on a research vessel at two time series stations. It will be used in backward-in-time and forward-in-time modes to test hypotheses about sources and destinations of C. finmarchicus in the Gulf of Maine, effects of match/mismatch in phenologies, and exploration effects of climate forced scenarios on advective pathways.

在缅因州湾，近年来，海洋表面的快速变暖引起了人们对研究和资源管理社区，渔业和公众对沿海海洋生态系统影响的关注。这个跨学科的协作项目将提高对控制丰富的浮游动物的物理和生物学过程的理解，这在东北沿海海洋的食物网中尤为重要。大约是大米的大小，海洋科动物calanus finmarchicus是鲱鱼和其他饲料鱼以及濒临灭绝的北部右鲸鱼的主要猎物。这项研究将检查C. Finmarchicus从加拿大冷水中运输到缅因州湾是否与相对较冷的缅因州沿海流中的生长和繁殖相结合，足以为该地区提供吸引和滋养鱼所需的数量，尽管海洋最近变暖，但仍取决于其能量丰富的寿命的海鸟和哺乳动物。研究团队将开发一个计算机模型，该模型将对物种的生活史与洋流和温度联系起来。该模型的结果将针对两个位置的现场收集进行测试。这项研究还将为新的综合前哨监测网络做出贡献，这是联邦和州机构与学术研究参与计划的共同努力，以监视东北沿海货架上未来的生态系统变化。它将培训跨学科研究的研究生和博士后科学家，并为早期职业研究员提供支持。该项目将采用一种过程建模方法，考虑到生活历史和淋巴结和循环之间的区域和中尺度互动，以提高人们对浮游物种分布变化。它将结合有关finmarchicus寿命的二十年研究，包括隔二，区域循环模型高分辨率的区域循环模型与三维物理生物学模型的创新应用。建模方法代表了通过将拉格朗日观点与本地过程耦合，以更好地解决复杂范围边界，这代表了物种范围的气候预测。它将使用Lagrangian参数，例如有限尺度或有限的Lyapunov指数，将粒子轨迹转换为代表对流级结构的标量场。该模型将通过在两个时间串联站点上收集的研究容器收集的生命率和人口统计数据的测量来告知和测试。它将用于向后和前进模式中，以测试缅因州海湾中关于芬马尔氏梭菌的来源和目的地的假设，匹配/不匹配在物候中的影响以及气候强制场景对探索对气候的影响对流途径。