Collaborative Research: Common Environmental Drivers Determine the Occupation Chronology of Adélie Penguins and Moss Peatbanks on the Western Antarctic Peninsula

合作研究：共同的环境驱动因素决定了南极半岛西部阿德利企鹅和苔藓泥炭滩的生活年表

• 批准号: 2012365
• 负责人: David Johnston
• 金额: $ 11.79万
• 依托单位: Duke University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-09-01 至 2024-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2012365&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Common; Environmental; Drivers

This award is funded in whole or part under the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (Public Law 117-2). Part I: Non-technical description: Adélie penguin colonies are declining and disappearing from the western Antarctic Peninsula. However, not all colonies in a certain area decline or disappear at the same rate. This research project will evaluate the influence of terrestrial surface properties on Adélie penguin colonies, leveraging five decades of research on seabirds near Palmer Station where an Adélie colony on Litchfield Island became extinct in 2007 while other colonies nearby are still present. The researchers will combine information obtained from remote sensing, UAS (Unoccupied Aircraft System, or drones) high-resolution maps, reconstruction of past moss banks and modeling with machine learning tools to define suitable penguin and peatbank moss habitats and explore the influence of microclimate on their distributions. In particular, the researchers are asking if guano from penguin colonies could act as fertilizers of moss banks in the presence of localized wind patters that can carry airborne nitrogen to the mosses. Modeling will relate penguin and peatbank moss spatial patterns to environmental variables and provide a greater understanding of how continued environmental change could impact these communities. The project allows for documentation of terrestrial Antarctic ecosystems in support of seabirds and provisioning of such information to the broader science community that seeks to study penguins, educating graduate and undergraduate students and a post-doctoral researcher. The research team includes two young women as Principal Investigators, one of them from an under-represented ethnic minority, first time Antarctic Principal Investigator, from an EPSCoR state (Wyoming), broadening participation in Antarctic research. Researchers will serve as student mentors through the Duke Bass Connections program entitled Biogeographic Assessment of Antarctic Coastal Habitats. This program supports an interdisciplinary team of graduate and undergraduate students collaborating with project faculty and experts on cutting-edge research bridging the classroom and the real world.Part II: Technical description: This research aims to understand the changes at the microclimate scale (meters) by analyzing present and past Adélie penguin colonies and moss peatbanks in islands around Palmer Station in the western Antarctic Peninsula – interlinked systems that are typically considered in isolation. By integrating in situ and remote data, this project will synthesize the drivers of biogeomorphology on small islands of the Antarctic Peninsula, a region of rapid change where plants and animals often co-occur and animal presence often determines the habitation of plants. A multi-disciplinary approach combine field measurements, remote sensing, UAS (Unoccupied Aircraft Systems) maps, paleoecology and modeling with machine learning to define suitable habitats and the influence of microclimates on penguin and peatbank distributions. The link between the two aspects of this study, peatbanks and penguins, is the potential source of nutrients for peat mosses from penguin guano. Peatbank and penguin distribution will be modeled and all models will be validated using in situ information from moss samples that will identify mechanistic processes. This project leverages 5 decades of seabird research in the area and high-definition remote sensing provided by the Polar Geospatial center to study the microclimate of Litchfield Island where an Adélie colony became extinct in 2007 when other colonies nearby are still present. The research team includes two early career women as Principal Investigators, one of them from an under-represented ethnic minority, first time Antarctic Principal Investigator, from an EPSCoR state (Wyoming). Researchers will serve as mentors for students through the Duke Bass Connections program entitled Biogeogrpahic Assessment of Antarctic Coastal Habitats which bridges the classroom and the real world.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该奖项的全部或部分资金来源于《2021 年美国救援计划法案》（公法 117-2）。该研究项目将利用五年来对帕尔默附近海鸟的研究，评估陆地表面特性对阿德利企鹅群落的影响。利奇菲尔德岛上的阿德利栖息地于 2007 年灭绝，而附近的其他栖息地仍然存在。研究人员将通过遥感、UAS（无人飞机系统或无人机）高分辨率地图、过去苔藓堤坝的重建和技术获得的信息。使用机器学习工具进行建模，以确定合适的企鹅和泥炭藓栖息地，并探索小气候对其分布的影响。研究人员特别询问鸟粪是否来自企鹅。在局部风的存在下，菌落可以充当苔藓堤的肥料，将空气中的氮带到苔藓上。建模将把企鹅和泥炭堤苔藓的空间模式与环境变量联系起来，并更好地了解持续的环境变化如何影响这些群落。该项目允许记录南极陆地生态系统以支持海鸟，并向更广泛的科学界提供此类信息，以研究企鹅、教育研究生和本科生以及博士后该研究团队包括两名年轻女性作为首席研究员，其中一名来自少数族裔，首次担任南极首席研究员，来自 EPSCoR 州（怀俄明州），扩大了对南极研究的参与。研究人员将担任学生导师。通过名为“南极沿海栖息地生物地理评估”的杜克巴斯连接项目，该项目支持由研究生和本科生组成的跨学科团队与项目教师和专家合作进行前沿研究桥接。第二部分：技术描述：本研究旨在通过分析南极半岛西部帕尔默站周围岛屿现在和过去的阿德利企鹅栖息地和苔藓泥炭滩，了解微气候尺度（米）的变化——相互关联通过整合现场和远程数据，该项目将综合南极半岛小岛屿上生物地貌的驱动因素，该地区是一个快速变化的地区，植物和动物经常在那里生长。共同发生和动物的存在通常决定了植物的栖息地，多学科方法结合了现场测量、遥感、UAS（无人飞机系统）地图、古生态学和机器学习建模来定义合适的栖息地和小气候对企鹅的影响。本研究的两个方面（泥炭库和企鹅）之间的联系是来自企鹅泥炭库和泥炭藓的潜在营养来源。该项目将利用苔藓样本的现场信息对企鹅的分布进行建模，并验证其机械过程，该信息将利用该地区 5 年来的海鸟研究和极地地理空间中心提供的高清遥感来研究企鹅的分布。利奇菲尔德岛的小气候，阿德利岛的一个栖息地于 2007 年灭绝，当时附近的其他栖息地仍然存在。该研究小组包括两名早期职业女性作为首席研究员，其中一名来自一个社区。来自 EPSCoR 州（怀俄明州）的少数族裔首次担任南极首席研究员授予 NSF 的法定使命，并通过评估反映使用基金会的智力优点和更广泛的影响审查标准，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Long‐term patterns in ecosystem phenology near Palmer Station, Antarctica, from the perspective of the Adélie penguin

从阿德利企鹅的角度来看，南极洲帕尔默站附近生态系统物候学的长期模式

• DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.4417
• 发表时间: 2023-02-01
• 期刊: Ecosphere
• 影响因子: 2.7
• 作者: M. Cimino;J. A. Conroy;Elizabeth Connors;J. Bowman;A. Corso;H. Ducklow;W. Fraser;A. Friedlaender;H. H. Kim;Gregory D. Larsen;C. Moffat;Ross C. Nichols;L. Pallin;D. Patterson;Darren M Roberts;Megan Roberts;D. Steinberg;Patricia S. Thibodeau;R. Trinh;O. Schofield;S. Stammerjohn
• 通讯作者: S. Stammerjohn

Growth and opportunities for drone surveillance in pinniped research

无人机监视在鳍足类研究中的增长和机遇

• DOI: 10.1111/mam.12325
• 发表时间: 2024-01
• 期刊: Mammal Review
• 影响因子: 4.9
• 作者: Larsen, Gregory D.;Johnston, David W.
• 通讯作者: Johnston, David W.