Collaborative Research: Defining the Scope and Consequences of Ectomycorrhizal Fungal Control on Forest Organic Matter Decomposition

合作研究：确定外生菌根真菌控制森林有机物分解的范围和后果

• 批准号: 2019658
• 负责人: Matthew Smith
• 金额: $ 13.62万
• 依托单位: University of Florida
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-09-01 至 2024-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2019658&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Defining; Scope; Consequences

Fungi play an essential role in forest ecosystems, breaking down leaf litter and woody debris that has fallen to the forest floor. As this organic matter is decomposed by fungi, much of it is incorporated into soils, adding to the significant carbon and nitrogen pools they harbor. There is growing recognition that ectomycorrhizal fungi, which form nutritional symbioses with many forest trees, can slow the breakdown of organic matter and stabilize soil carbon. This research seeks to critically assess how ectomycorrhizal fungal suppress organic matter decomposition, and to characterize the impacts of this suppression on soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics. Determining how ectomycorrhizal fungi mediate carbon and nutrient fluxes during the decomposition of organic matter will be useful for forest management focused on carbon retention in soils and on tree health. In addition, defining the scope of ectomycorrhizal fungal suppression of organic matter decomposition across diverse temperature and moisture conditions will be important for accurately formulating carbon and nitrogen dynamics in Earth system models. This project provides support for science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) graduate and undergraduate mentoring, K-12 experiential learning, and public engagement through collaborations with the Cedar Creek Ecosystem Science Reserve, Minute Earth, California Academy of Sciences, and the Florida Museum of Natural History. The capacity of ectomycorrhizal fungi to modify organic matter decomposition is hypothesized to depend on three factors: organic matter chemistry, ectomycorrhizal fungal community composition, and environmental conditions. This hypothesis will be tested with a series of field-based experiments at research sites in Minnesota, Florida, and California. By utilizing a single research site in Minnesota in which a wide range of organic matter types are concurrently deployed across forest stands differing in ectomycorrhizal fungal community composition, the independent and interactive roles of organic matter chemistry and ectomycorrhizal fungal community composition can be determined while holding multiple environmental variables constant. At the same time, by deploying a common organic matter type across multiple sites varying in temperature and precipitation (in Minnesota, Florida, and California), the extent to which variation in edaphic conditions influence ectomycorrhizal fungal suppression of organic decomposition can also be assessed. Additionally, detailed analyses of the carbon held in various soil fractions will provide a critical missing link between ectomycorrhizal fungal-induced changes in organic matter decomposition rates and retention of carbon in soil.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

真菌在森林生态系统中起着至关重要的作用，破坏了掉落到森林地面的叶子和木质碎片。 由于这种有机物是由真菌分解的，因此其中大部分被掺入土壤中，从而增加了它们所拥有的重要碳和氮池。人们越来越认识到，与许多林木形成营养共生的外生菌真菌可以减慢有机物的分解并稳定土壤碳。这项研究旨在批判性地评估外生菌骨真菌如何抑制有机物分解，并表征这种抑制对土壤碳和氮动力学的影响。确定有机物分解过程中的外生菌根真菌如何介导碳和营养通量，这将有助于森林管理专注于土壤和树木健康的碳保留率。此外，定义跨多种温度和水分条件的有机物分解的外生菌骨真菌抑制范围对于准确制定地球系统模型中的碳和氮动力学非常重要。该项目通过与Cedar Creek Ecosystem Science Reserce，Minute Earth，California of Scienemy of Sciences和Florida Museum Museum Museum Museum Museum of Scosystem Science Reserce合作，为科学，技术，工程和数学（STEM）研究生和本科指导，K-12体验学习以及公众参与。假设外生肌肉真菌修饰有机物分解的能力取决于三个因素：有机物化学，外生菌骨真菌群落组成和环境条件。该假设将通过在明尼苏达州，佛罗里达州和加利福尼亚州的研究地点进行一系列基于现场的实验进行检验。通过在明尼苏达州利用一个研究地点，其中各种有机物类型在森林架上同时部署在菌丝体真菌群落组成方面不同，有机物化学的独立和互动作用，可以确定有机物化学的独立和互动性作用，同时可以确定持有多个环境变量常数的同时确定。同时，通过在温度和降水（明尼苏达州，佛罗里达州和加利福尼亚州）中部署一种常见的有机物类型，也可以评估外向疾病的变异影响肌肉菌株对有机分解的变异的程度。此外，对各种土壤分数中碳的详细分析将提供巨大的缺失联系，而在土壤中诱导的有机物分解率的变化和碳在土壤中的保留之间的关键联系。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并认为通过基金会的知识优点和广泛的影响，通过评估值得评估，这是值得的。

项目成果

Cortinarius watsoneae, a new species of Agaricomycetes (Cortinariaceae) from the Gulf States

Cortinarius watsoneae，来自海湾国家的伞形孢菌（Cortinariaceae）新种

• DOI: 10.17348/jbrit.v17.i1.1294
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas
• 作者: Lewis, David P.;Ammirati, Joseph F.;Liimatainen, Kare;Niskanen, Tuula;Ovrebo, Clark L.;Smith, Matthew E.;Justice, Jay;Kaminsky, Laurel
• 通讯作者: Kaminsky, Laurel