Symbiotic ectomycorrhizal fungi in southern South America: macroecology and evolutionary history from community to landscape scale

南美洲南部的共生外生菌根真菌：从群落到景观尺度的宏观生态学和进化史

• 批准号: 1354802
• 负责人: Matthew Smith
• 金额: $ 45.02万
• 依托单位: University of Florida
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-07-01 至 2018-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1354802&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Symbiotic; ectomycorrhizal; fungi; southern; South

Many questions remain about what causes organisms to occur where they do. Answers to those questions are gradually being solved for for plants and animals but little is known about the distribution patterns of microbes. Ectomycorrhizal fungi are beneficial microbes that help plants obtain nutrients, resist diseases, and tolerate drought. This project will study the biodiversity and biogeography of ectomycorrhizal fungi in economically important trees in southern South America such as Nothofagus (southern beech). The main goals of this work are to document the evolutionary history of Nothofagus-associated fungi from South America, determine how environmental variables affect fungal diversity, and understand more about how fungi disperse around the globe. Fungi will be documented by DNA sequencing from environmental samples and via collections of fungal specimens (e.g. mushrooms).This project is an international collaboration that will include research, education, and cultural exchange among biologists, students, and citizen scientists from the USA, Chile, and Argentina. In addition to scientific publications on fungal biodiversity, fungal evolution, and fungi that are new to science, this project will also produce a free, bilingual, online e-book detailing the common and charismatic fungi from Nothofagus forests in Chile and Argentina. This work will increase scientific literacy about fungi in South America and data from the project will enhance native Nothofagus forestry and will inform conservation decision-making for Nothofagus.

关于导致生物发生的生物发生的原因，还有许多问题。这些问题的答案逐渐被植物和动物解决，但对微生物的分布模式知之甚少。外生肌肉真菌是有益的微生物，可帮助植物获得营养，抵抗疾病和耐受的干旱。该项目将研究南美南美经济重要的树木（如南部山毛榉）的经济重要树中外生菌真菌的生物多样性和生物地理学。这项工作的主要目标是记录来自南美与Nothofagus相关的真菌的进化史，确定环境变量如何影响真菌的多样性，并更多地了解真菌如何在全球范围内分散。真菌将通过环境样本中的DNA测序以及通过真菌标本的收集（例如蘑菇）进行记录。该项目是一个国际合作，其中包括研究，教育和文化交流，来自美国，智利和阿根廷的生物学家，学生和公民科学家。除了对科学新手的真菌生物多样性，真菌进化和真菌的科学出版物外，该项目还将生产一本免费的，双语的在线电子书，详细介绍来自辣椒和阿根廷的Nothofagus Forest的共同和富有魅力的真菌。这项工作将提高有关南美真菌的科学素养，该项目的数据将增强本地的Nothofagus林业，并将为Nothofagus提供保护决策。