Collaborative Research: ORCC: The role of bioenergetic budgets in defining elevation limits and modeling geographic ranges of species

合作研究：ORCC：生物能预算在定义海拔限制和建模物种地理范围中的作用

• 批准号: 2222475
• 负责人: Matthew Troia
• 金额: $ 51.52万
• 依托单位: University of Texas at San Antonio
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-10-01 至 2025-09-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2222475&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; ORCC; role; bioenergetic

Freshwaters cover only 0.8% of Earth’s surface, yet these ecosystems harbor 31% of global fish biodiversity. Ongoing climate change is altering the physiology and behavior of fishes, and subsequently allowing some species to expand their geographic ranges while driving range retraction of other species. The goal of this project is to forecast how changing climate is shifting the lower and upper elevation limits of fishes in mountain streams and rivers. The research will take place along an elevational stream continuum in the southern Appalachian Mountains—a hotspot of biodiversity harboring unique fishes that are essential for maintaining healthy freshwater ecosystems on which humanity depends. The research team will perform laboratory experiments to measure the effect of temperature on fish physiology, behavior, and growth. New computational techniques will be used to integrate data from these laboratory experiments with a 2-year field study of wild fish populations to create detailed maps of elevational shifts during the remainder of the 21st century. Throughout the project, the research team will host workshops with conservation practitioners to transform research findings into real-world tools that can immediately inform conservation decisions. A professional development workshop will be hosted for K-12 teachers in Knoxville, TN, and laboratory experiments will take place at a Hispanic Serving Institution in San Antonio, TX, thus advancing societal goals of diversity, equity, and inclusion in STEM education.This project will develop the next generation of species distribution models (SDMs) by integrating organism-level bioenergetic budgets with community-level predator-prey interactions. The goal is to improve understanding of how physiological and behavioral traits as well as multiple, simultaneous environmental factors associated with climate and land use change drive geographic range limits. The following hypotheses will be tested: (1) Elevational limits of species are concordant with transitions from energy surplus to deficit along the elevation gradient. (2) Physiological and behavioral traits of species determine the relative effects of temperature, stream flow, and prey abundance on elevational differences in organismal energy budgets. This next-gen SDM framework will be validated using a species comparative approach, focusing on low- and high-elevation pairs of pelagic (water column) minnows and benthic (stream bottom) darters. Once validated, SDMs will be projected under future scenarios of temperature, stream flow, and prey abundance to forecast shifts in species elevational and latitudinal limits. Because the inputs for these next-gen SDMs are thermal reaction norms, eco-evolutionary hypotheses based in established theory of thermal adaptation (e.g., countergradient variation) will be used to explore how thermal niche evolution might attenuate future shifts in species range limits. More generally, project findings will advance understanding of species range limits by explicitly integrating Grinnellian and Eltonian niche concepts to elucidate underlying mechanisms.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

淡水仅覆盖地球表面的 0.8%，但这些生态系统却蕴藏着全球 31% 的鱼类生物多样性。持续的气候变化正在改变鱼类的生理和行为，从而导致一些物种扩大其地理活动范围，同时导致其他物种的活动范围缩小。该项目的目标是预测气候变化如何改变山区溪流和河流中鱼类的海拔上限和下限。该研究将沿着阿巴拉契亚山脉南部的海拔溪流连续体进行。山脉是生物多样性的热点地区，栖息着独特的鱼类，这些鱼类对于维持人类赖以生存的健康淡水生态系统至关重要。研究小组将进行实验室实验，以测量温度对鱼类生理、行为和生长的影响。将这些实验室实验的数据与对野生鱼类种群进行的为期 2 年的实地研究相结合，以创建 21 世纪剩余时间内海拔变化的详细地图。在整个项目中，研究小组将举办有关保护的研讨会，以转变研究成果。融入现实世界的工具将为田纳西州诺克斯维尔的 K-12 教师举办专业发展研讨会，并在德克萨斯州圣安东尼奥的西班牙裔服务机构进行实验室实验，从而推进多样性、公平性、该项目将通过将生物体层面的生物能量预算与社区层面的捕食者-猎物相互作用相结合，开发下一代物种分布模型（SDM），目标是提高对生理和行为特征的理解。作为多个同时发生的环境与气候和土地利用变化相关的因素将检验以下假设：（1）物种的海拔限制与沿海拔梯度从能量过剩到赤字的转变一致。确定温度、河流流量和猎物丰度对生物体能量预算海拔差异的相对影响。下一代 SDM 框架将使用物种比较方法进行验证，重点关注低海拔和高海拔的中上层（水柱）。 ）一旦得到验证，SDM 将在未来的温度、河流流量和猎物丰度情景下进行预测，以预测物种海拔和纬度限制的变化，因为这些下一代 SDM 的输入是热反应。根据既定的热适应理论（例如反梯度变异）的生态进化假设，将用于探索热生态位进化如何减弱未来物种范围限制的变化。通过提前明确整合格林内利和埃尔顿利基概念来阐明潜在机制，了解物种范围限制。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。