Understanding instrumental systematics for the CMB-S4 ultra-deep survey

了解 CMB-S4 超深调查的仪器系统学

• 批准号: 2009469
• 负责人: Colin Bischoff
• 金额: $ 23.77万
• 依托单位: University of Cincinnati Main Campus
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-07-01 至 2024-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2009469&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Understanding; instrumental; systematics; CMB; S4

The CMB Stage-4 experiment is a next-generation array of telescopes that will measure the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) to push the boundaries of our knowledge of fundamental physics and astrophysics. One component of CMB Stage-4 is the ultra-deep survey, which will measure the polarization of the CMB at degree angular scales with unprecendented sensitivity. Polarization maps from the ultra-deep survey will be a powerful tool to search for primordial gravitational waves, so long as the maps are free of contamination due to instrumental systematic errors. This award will support development and analysis of detailed simulations targeting systematics for the ultra-deep survey, using lessons learned from the current generation of CMB telescopes. The simulations will inform the design of CMB-S4 and provide a testing ground for development of mitigation techniques. This program will also support a scientific computing bootcamp for incoming graduate students in the University of Cincinnati physics bridge program, making sure that these students have necessary tools for success in graduate school and their future careers.Primordial gravitational waves are a prediction of inflationary theories, which are the leading explanation for the initial conditions of our universe. The most powerful technique to search for these gravitational waves is using the B-mode (curl-type) polarization of the CMB, which is not sourced by density perturbations. However, primordial B-mode polarization must be very faint, so a critical challenge is to control all effects that might leak temperature or E-mode fluctuations into B-modes. It is also necessary to separate primordial CMB signals from lensing-induced secondary anisotropies and Galactic foreground emission; these challenges require combining data across angular scales and observing frequencies at high fidelity. Past and current CMB experiments have demonstrated good control over systematic errors, but the raw sensitivity of CMB-S4 requires correspondingly lower levels of systematics. The CMB-S4 forecasting effort has provided guidelines for the acceptable level of spurious contamination in the maps, but detailed simulations are necessary to connect these limits to specifications on instrument design and calibration. The work supported by this award will establish these connections through a series of targeted simulation sets. The process of generating and analyzing these simulations will also contribute to the development of CMB-S4 data pipelines.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

CMB阶段4实验是下一代望远镜阵列，它将测量宇宙微波背景（CMB），以突破我们对基本物理和天体物理学知识的界限。 CMB阶段4的一个组成部分是超深调查，该调查将以固定的灵敏度在程度角度尺度下测量CMB的极化。只要由于仪器系统误差而导致的地图无污染，超深调查的极化图将是搜索原始引力波的强大工具。该奖项将使用从当前一代的CMB望远镜中学到的经验教训来支持针对超深调查的详细模拟的开发和分析。模拟将为CMB-S4的设计提供信息，并为开发缓解技术的测试基础。该计划还将为辛辛那提大学物理桥计划的新来研究生提供科学计算训练营，以确保这些学生在研究生院及其未来职业中具有成功的工具，这是通货膨胀理论的预测，这是对我们世界的最初条件的主要解释。搜索这些引力波的最强大技术是使用CMB的B模式（Curl-type）极化，该极化不是由密度扰动来源。但是，原始B模式极化必须非常微弱，因此一个关键的挑战是控制所有可能将温度或电子模式波动泄漏成B模型的影响。 还必须将原始CMB信号与镜头诱导的继发性和银河前景发射分开。这些挑战需要将数据跨角度尺度组合在一起，并在高保真度下观察频率。过去和当前的CMB实验表现出对系统错误的良好控制，但是CMB-S4的原始灵敏度需要相应较低的系统学水平。 CMB-S4的预测工作为地图中可接受的伪造污染水平提供了指南，但是必须进行详细的模拟以将这些限制与仪器设计和校准的规格联系起来。该奖项支持的工作将通过一系列有针对性的模拟集建立这些联系。生成和分析这些模拟的过程还将有助于CMB-S4数据管道的开发。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并且使用基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响审查标准，被认为值得通过评估来提供支持。

项目成果

CMB-S4: Forecasting Constraints on Primordial Gravitational Waves

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac1596
• 发表时间: 2020-08
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal
• 作者: The CMB-S4 Collaboration Kevork Abazajian;G. Addison;Peter Adshead;Z. Ahmed;D. Akerib;Aamir Ali;S. Allen;D. Alonso;M. Alvarez;M. Amin;A. Anderson;K. Arnold;P. Ashton;C. Baccigalupi;D. Bard;D. Barkats;D. Barron;P. Barry;J. Bartlett;R. Thakur;N. Battaglia;R. Bean;C. Bebek;A. Bender;B. Benson;F. Bianchini;C. Bischoff;L. Bleem;J. Bock;S. Bocquet;K. Boddy;J. Bond;J. Borrill;F. Bouchet;T. Brinckmann;Michael L. Brown;S. Bryan;V. Buza;K. Byrum;Carlos Hervias Caimapo;E. Calabrese;Victoria Calafut;R. Caldwell;J. Carlstrom;J. Carron;T. Cecil;A. Challinor;C. Chang;Y. Chinone;Hsiao-mei Cho.;A. Cooray;W. Coulton;T. Crawford;A. Crites;A. Cukierman;F. Cyr-Racine;T. Haan;J. Delabrouille;M. Devlin;E. D. Valentino;M. Dierickx;M. Dobbs;S. Duff;J. Dunkley;C. Dvorkin;J. Eimer;T. Elleflot;J. Errard;T. Essinger-Hileman;G. Fabbian;C. Feng;S. Ferraro;J. Filippini;R. Flauger;B. Flaugher;A. Fraisse;A. Frolov;N. Galitzki;P. Gallardo;S. Galli;K. Ganga;M. Gerbino;V. Gluscevic;N. Goeckner-wald;D. Green;D. Grin;E. Grohs;R. Gualtieri;J. Gudmundsson;I. Gullett;N. Gupta;S. Habib;M. Halpern;N. Halverson;S. Hanany;K. Harrington;M. Hasegawa;M. Hasselfield;M. Hazumi;K. Heitmann;S. Henderson;B. Hensley;C. Hill;J. Hill;R. Hložek;S. Ho;T. Hoang;G. Holder;W. Holzapfel;J. Hood;J. Hubmayr;K. Huffenberger;H. Hui;K. Irwin;O. Jeong;Bradley R. Johnson;W. Jones;Jae Hwan Kang;K. Karkare;N. Katayama;R. Keskitalo;T. Kisner;L. Knox;B. Koopman;A. Kosowsky;J. Kovac;E. Kovetz;S. Kuhlmann;C. Kuo;A. Kusaka;A. Lahteenmaki;C. Lawrence;Adrian T. Lee;A. Lewis;Dale Li;E. Linder;M. Loverde;A. Lowitz;P. Lubin;M. Madhavacheril;A. Mantz;G. Marques;F. Matsuda;P. Mauskopf;H. McCarrick;J. McMahon;P. Meerburg;J. Melin;F. Menanteau;Joel Meyers;M. Millea;J. Mohr;L. Moncelsi;M. Monzani;T. Mroczkowski;S. Mukherjee;J. Nagy;T. Namikawa;F. Nati;T. Natoli;L. Newburgh;M. Niemack;H. Nishino;B. Nord;V. Novosad;R. O’Brient;S. Padin;S. Palladino;B. Partridge;D. Petravick;E. Pierpaoli;L. Pogosian;K. Prabhu;C. Pryke;G. Puglisi;B. Racine;A. Rahlin;M. S. Rao;M. Raveri;C. Reichardt;M. Remazeilles;G. Rocha;N. Roe;A. Roy;J. Ruhl;M. Salatino;B. Saliwanchik;E. Schaan;A. Schillaci;B. Schmitt;M. Schmittfull;D. Scott;N. Sehgal;S. Shandera;B. Sherwin;E. Shirokoff;S. Simon;A. Slosar;D. Spergel;T. S. Germaine;S. Staggs;A. Stark;G. Starkman;R. Stompor;C. Stoughton;A. Suzuki;O. Tajima;G. Teply;K. Thompson;B. Thorne;P. Timbie;M. Tomasi;M. Tristram;G. Tucker;C. Umilta;A. V. Engelen;E. Vavagiakis;J. Vieira;A. Vieregg;K. Wagoner;B. Wallisch;Gensheng Wang;S. Watson;B. Westbrook;N. Whitehorn;Edward J. Wollack;W. L. K. Wu;Zhilei Xu;H. Yang;S. Yasini;V. Yefremenko;K. Yoon;E. Young;Cyndia Yu;A. Zonca