RESEARCH-PGR: SECRETome Project: Systematic Evaluation of CellulaR ExporT from plant cells

RESEARCH-PGR：SECRETome 项目：植物细胞 CellulaR ExportT 的系统评估

• 批准号: 1936492
• 负责人: Bing Yang
• 金额: $ 251.03万
• 依托单位: University of Missouri-Columbia
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-02-13 至 2024-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1936492&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RESEARCH; PGR; SECRETome; Project; Systematic

In multicellular organisms, some cells specialize in secretory functions. Examples of secretory cells include certain vascular cells that secrete nutrients for distribution, epidermal cells that export protective compounds, nectaries that secrete solutes to reward pollinators, tapetal cells that nourish reproductive cells, and seed coat cells that secrete nutrients to fill seeds. Pathogens apparently tap into nutrient resources by manipulating nutrient secretion systems. Despite the importance of secretory cells, the understanding of these cells and biological processes is limited. This project seeks to identify the fundamental mechanisms of secretory cells, to permit the enhancement of crop quality and yield, of the interaction of plants with other organisms, and of stress tolerance. The project team combines expertise in the genome-wide analysis of individual cell types (Bailey-Serres, & Girke, UC Riverside), membrane transport processes (Frommer, Carnegie, Stanford) and genome editing (Yang, Iowa State U). The project is expected to provide new tools and information of value for agriculture. Concepts and resources developed by the project will be integrated into classes at 2-year institutions with substantial enrollments of underserved students. A public website, blog and forum will provide discussion of genome editing technologies, with the participation of experts and local community colleges.The SECRETome project seeks to identify specific components and regulatory mechanisms of the varied functions of plant secretory cells. To enable an evaluation of gene function within individual cells and tissues, imaging, ribosome-mRNA complex capture, gene editing and informatics will be employed in an integrated fashion. A comparative approach will be enabled through the analysis of both the crop rice and the reference plant Arabidopsis. Specific aims include (1) the profiling of ribosome-associated transcripts (translatomes) of key secretory cell types with prominent roles in secretion or nursing of neighboring cells in the two species, in the context of two developmental processes and two biotic interactions, (2) the identification of characteristic gene expression patterns and networks for specific secretory cell-types to facilitate selection of candidate genes for functional studies, and (3) the validation and characterization of secretory cell-specific promoters and candidate gene functions, including subcellular location, biochemistry, and reverse-genetic phenotype. The secretory cell-specific promoters will be valuable for other studies (e.g., to control genes for cell-specific processes that enhance pathogen defense, beneficial microbial interactions, fertility or seed quality). The results will provide broad new insights into the intersection between cell function, development and biotic interactions. The project will produce public resources and discourse forums regarding genomic editing with the engagement of undergraduate students.

在多细胞生物中，一些细胞专门从事分泌功能。分泌细胞的例子包括分泌营养物质用于分配的某些血管细胞、输出保护性化合物的表皮细胞、分泌溶质以奖励传粉者的蜜腺、滋养生殖细胞的绒毡层细胞以及分泌营养物质以填充种子的种皮细胞。病原体显然是通过操纵营养分泌系统来利用营养资源的。尽管分泌细胞很重要，但对这些细胞和生物过程的了解仍然有限。该项目旨在确定分泌细胞的基本机制，以提高作物质量和产量、植物与其他生物体的相互作用以及胁迫耐受性。该项目团队结合了单个细胞类型的全基因组分析（Bailey-Serres 和 Girke，加州大学河滨分校）、膜运输过程（Frommer、卡内基、斯坦福大学）和基因组编辑（Yang，爱荷华州立大学）方面的专业知识。该项目预计将为农业提供有价值的新工具和信息。该项目开发的概念和资源将被纳入两年制院校的课程中，这些院校招收了大量服务不足的学生。公共网站、博客和论坛将在专家和当地社区大学的参与下提供基因组编辑技术的讨论。SECRETome 项目旨在确定植物分泌细胞各种功能的特定组成部分和调节机制。为了能够评估单个细胞和组织内的基因功能，成像、核糖体-mRNA复合物捕获、基因编辑和信息学将以集成的方式使用。通过对水稻和参考植物拟南芥的分析，可以采用比较方法。具体目标包括 (1) 在两个发育过程和两种生物相互作用的背景下，对关键分泌细胞类型的核糖体相关转录物（翻译组）进行分析，这些细胞类型在两个物种的邻近细胞的分泌或护理中发挥着重要作用，(2 ) 识别特定分泌细胞类型的特征基因表达模式和网络，以促进功能研究候选基因的选择，以及 (3) 分泌细胞特异性启动子和候选基因功能（包括亚细胞功能）的验证和表征位置、生物化学和反向遗传表型。分泌细胞特异性启动子对于其他研究很有价值（例如，控制增强病原体防御、有益微生物相互作用、生育力或种子质量的细胞特异性过程的基因）。这些结果将为细胞功能、发育和生物相互作用之间的交叉提供广泛的新见解。该项目将在本科生的参与下制作有关基因组编辑的公共资源和讨论论坛。