RESEARCH-PGR: SECRETome Project: Systematic Evaluation of CellulaR ExporT from plant cells

RESEARCH-PGR：SECRETome 项目：植物细胞 CellulaR ExportT 的系统评估

• 批准号: 1936492
• 负责人: Bing Yang
• 金额: $ 251.03万
• 依托单位: University of Missouri-Columbia
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-02-13 至 2024-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1936492&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RESEARCH; PGR; SECRETome; Project; Systematic

In multicellular organisms, some cells specialize in secretory functions. Examples of secretory cells include certain vascular cells that secrete nutrients for distribution, epidermal cells that export protective compounds, nectaries that secrete solutes to reward pollinators, tapetal cells that nourish reproductive cells, and seed coat cells that secrete nutrients to fill seeds. Pathogens apparently tap into nutrient resources by manipulating nutrient secretion systems. Despite the importance of secretory cells, the understanding of these cells and biological processes is limited. This project seeks to identify the fundamental mechanisms of secretory cells, to permit the enhancement of crop quality and yield, of the interaction of plants with other organisms, and of stress tolerance. The project team combines expertise in the genome-wide analysis of individual cell types (Bailey-Serres, & Girke, UC Riverside), membrane transport processes (Frommer, Carnegie, Stanford) and genome editing (Yang, Iowa State U). The project is expected to provide new tools and information of value for agriculture. Concepts and resources developed by the project will be integrated into classes at 2-year institutions with substantial enrollments of underserved students. A public website, blog and forum will provide discussion of genome editing technologies, with the participation of experts and local community colleges.The SECRETome project seeks to identify specific components and regulatory mechanisms of the varied functions of plant secretory cells. To enable an evaluation of gene function within individual cells and tissues, imaging, ribosome-mRNA complex capture, gene editing and informatics will be employed in an integrated fashion. A comparative approach will be enabled through the analysis of both the crop rice and the reference plant Arabidopsis. Specific aims include (1) the profiling of ribosome-associated transcripts (translatomes) of key secretory cell types with prominent roles in secretion or nursing of neighboring cells in the two species, in the context of two developmental processes and two biotic interactions, (2) the identification of characteristic gene expression patterns and networks for specific secretory cell-types to facilitate selection of candidate genes for functional studies, and (3) the validation and characterization of secretory cell-specific promoters and candidate gene functions, including subcellular location, biochemistry, and reverse-genetic phenotype. The secretory cell-specific promoters will be valuable for other studies (e.g., to control genes for cell-specific processes that enhance pathogen defense, beneficial microbial interactions, fertility or seed quality). The results will provide broad new insights into the intersection between cell function, development and biotic interactions. The project will produce public resources and discourse forums regarding genomic editing with the engagement of undergraduate students.

在多细胞生物中，一些细胞专门从事分泌功能。分泌细胞的例子包括某些分泌营养的血管细胞，表皮细胞，导出保护性化合物的表皮细胞，分泌溶液以奖励传粉媒介的蜜蜂，养育生殖细胞的tapetal细胞以及将营养物质分泌为填充种子的细胞。病原体显然通过操纵营养分泌系统来利用营养资源。尽管分泌细胞很重要，但对这些细胞和生物过程的理解是有限的。该项目旨在确定分泌细胞的基本机制，以允许提高作物质量和产量，植物与其他生物体的相互作用以及胁迫耐受性的相互作用。项目团队结合了各个细胞类型（Bailey-Serres和Girke，UC Riverside），膜运输过程（Frommer，Carnegie，Stanford）和基因组编辑（Yang，Iowa State U）的各个细胞类型（Bailey-Serres和Girke，UC Riverside）的专业知识。预计该项目将提供新的工具和价值信息。该项目开发的概念和资源将被整合到2年的机构的课程中，并有大量服务不足的学生入学。公共网站，博客和论坛将在专家和当地社区学院的参与下提供有关基因组编辑技术的讨论。该秘密项目旨在确定特定的组成部分和监管机制的各种植物分泌细胞功能的机制。为了评估单个细胞和组织中的基因功能，将以综合方式使用成像，核糖体mRNA复合物捕获，基因编辑和信息学。通过分析农作物大米和参考植物拟南芥，将实现一种比较方法。具体目的包括（1）在两个发育过程和两个生物相互作用的背景下，在两个物种中具有突出作用的关键分泌细胞类型的核糖体相关转录（翻译）（翻译）在两个物种中的分泌或护理中进行分析，（2）识别特定分类的基因表达模式，并识别特定的分类单元的效果。分泌细胞特异性启动子和候选基因功能的表征，包括亚细胞位置，生物化学和反遗传表型。分泌细胞特异性的启动子对于其他研究（例如，控制基因的细胞特异性过程，可以增强病原体防御，有益的微生物相互作用，生育能力或种子质量）。结果将为细胞功能，发育与生物相互作用之间的交集提供广泛的新见解。该项目将通过本科生的参与来制作有关基因组编辑的公共资源和话语论坛。