Collaborative Research: The role of host nutrient carriers in pathogen susceptibility

合作研究：宿主营养载体在病原体易感性中的作用

• 批准号: 1258103
• 负责人: Bing Yang
• 金额: $ 46.18万
• 依托单位: Iowa State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-05-01 至 2017-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1258103&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; role; host; nutrient

Bacterial and fungal pathogens inflict major crop losses. The bacterium Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), the causal agent for bacterial blight of rice, affects yield stability with losses up to 60% in the developing world. Three groups with complementary expertise have identified a fundamental mechanism for plant disease susceptibility involving Xoo-induced expression of sugar transporters known as SWEETs. SWEETs are involved in the translocation of sugars from photosynthetic leaves to roots, pollen, and seeds in uninfected plants. Xoo directly induces SWEET gene expression using TAL (transcription factor-like) effector proteins, which are injected from bacterium into leaf cells. The team has also shown that genetic alterations affecting TAL effector function through genomic editing of the target sequence in the host can be used to engineer pathogen resistance. The team hypothesizes that growth of the pathogen depends critically on nutrient supply from the host, and that Xoo specifically targets sugar release from leaf cells for supplying carbon and energy to the pathogen. They also hypothesize that this mechanism is relevant for other host/pathogen systems. This work lays the basis for engineering robust and broad disease resistance by targeting SWEETs encoded by a family of ~20 genes in rice and other crops. The results are expected to provide insight into durable and broad resistance and have global impacts on the environment and quality of life.The insights gained from this project are relevant to engineering pathogen resistance in rice, but due to the fundamental nature of the mechanism the research may have impact in other crops. The project will provide training for high-school, undergraduate and graduate students, and postdocs with an emphasis on minorities at the interface between organismal interactions, cell biology and nutrition physiology. The work will enhance the educational environments at ISU, KSU, and the Carnegie Institution. The project will provide undergraduates with valuable experience in the latest tools of genetic analysis and engineering.

细菌和真菌病原体造成重大农作物损失。米黄单胞菌 pv。米曲霉 (Xoo) 是水稻白叶枯病的病原，影响产量稳定性，在发展中国家损失高达 60%。三个具有互补专业知识的小组已经确定了植物病害易感性的基本机制，涉及 Xoo 诱导的糖转运蛋白（称为 SWEET）的表达。在未受感染的植物中，SWEET 参与糖从光合叶子到根、花粉和种子的转运。 Xoo 使用 TAL（类转录因子）效应蛋白直接诱导 SWEET 基因表达，这些效应蛋白从细菌注射到叶细胞中。该团队还表明，通过对宿主中靶序列进行基因组编辑来影响 TAL 效应器功能的遗传改变可用于设计病原体抗性。研究小组假设病原体的生长主要取决于宿主的营养供应，而 Xoo 专门针对叶细胞释放的糖，为病原体提供碳和能量。他们还假设这种机制与其他宿主/病原体系统相关。这项工作通过靶向水稻和其他作物中约 20 个基因家族编码的 SWEET，为构建强大而广泛的抗病性奠定了基础。研究结果预计将提供对持久和广泛的抗性的见解，并对环境和生活质量产生全球影响。从该项目中获得的见解与工程水稻中的病原体抗性相关，但由于该机制的基本性质，研究可能对其他作物产生影响。该项目将为高中生、本科生、研究生以及博士后提供培训，重点关注有机相互作用、细胞生物学和营养生理学之间的少数群体。这项工作将改善 ISU、KSU 和卡内基研究所的教育环境。该项目将为本科生提供最新基因分析和工程工具的宝贵经验。