Collaborative Research: The role of host nutrient carriers in pathogen susceptibility

合作研究：宿主营养载体在病原体易感性中的作用

• 批准号: 1258103
• 负责人: Bing Yang
• 金额: $ 46.18万
• 依托单位: Iowa State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-05-01 至 2017-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1258103&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; role; host; nutrient

Bacterial and fungal pathogens inflict major crop losses. The bacterium Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), the causal agent for bacterial blight of rice, affects yield stability with losses up to 60% in the developing world. Three groups with complementary expertise have identified a fundamental mechanism for plant disease susceptibility involving Xoo-induced expression of sugar transporters known as SWEETs. SWEETs are involved in the translocation of sugars from photosynthetic leaves to roots, pollen, and seeds in uninfected plants. Xoo directly induces SWEET gene expression using TAL (transcription factor-like) effector proteins, which are injected from bacterium into leaf cells. The team has also shown that genetic alterations affecting TAL effector function through genomic editing of the target sequence in the host can be used to engineer pathogen resistance. The team hypothesizes that growth of the pathogen depends critically on nutrient supply from the host, and that Xoo specifically targets sugar release from leaf cells for supplying carbon and energy to the pathogen. They also hypothesize that this mechanism is relevant for other host/pathogen systems. This work lays the basis for engineering robust and broad disease resistance by targeting SWEETs encoded by a family of ~20 genes in rice and other crops. The results are expected to provide insight into durable and broad resistance and have global impacts on the environment and quality of life.The insights gained from this project are relevant to engineering pathogen resistance in rice, but due to the fundamental nature of the mechanism the research may have impact in other crops. The project will provide training for high-school, undergraduate and graduate students, and postdocs with an emphasis on minorities at the interface between organismal interactions, cell biology and nutrition physiology. The work will enhance the educational environments at ISU, KSU, and the Carnegie Institution. The project will provide undergraduates with valuable experience in the latest tools of genetic analysis and engineering.

细菌和真菌病原体造成了主要的作物损失。细菌xanthomonas oryzae PV。大米细菌疫病的因果因子Oryzae（XOO）会影响稳定性，而发展中国家的损失高达60％。具有互补专业知识的三组已经确定了一种基本机制，涉及XOO诱导的糖转运蛋白表达的植物易感性。糖果参与了从光合叶到未感染植物中的根，花粉和种子的糖易位。 XOO使用TAL（转录因子样）效应蛋白直接诱导甜蜜的基因表达，这些蛋白会从细菌中注射到叶片细胞中。该团队还表明，通过基因组编辑宿主中靶序列的基因组编辑可以使用遗传改变，可用于设计病原体的耐药性。该小组假设病原体的生长严重取决于宿主的养分供应，XOO专门针对叶片细胞释放糖，以供应碳和能量向病原体供应。他们还假设该机制与其他宿主/病原体系统有关。这项工作是通过靶向大米和其他农作物中约有20个基因编码的糖果来设计鲁棒和广泛疾病的基础。预计该结果将提供对持久和广泛抵抗力的见解，并对生活的环境和生活质量产生全球影响。该项目获得的见解与水稻的工程病原体抗性有关，但是由于该机制的基本性质，研究可能会影响其他农作物。该项目将为高中，本科生和研究生提供培训，并在生物相互作用，细胞生物学和营养生理学之间的界面上重点介绍少数群体。这项工作将增强ISU，KSU和卡内基机构的教育环境。该项目将在遗传分析和工程的最新工具中为大学生提供宝贵的经验。