Collaborative Research: Mechanisms of pollen-specific phospholipases in maize haploid production

合作研究：花粉特异性磷脂酶在玉米单倍体生产中的机制

• 批准号: 2222158
• 负责人: Bing Yang
• 金额: $ 55.41万
• 依托单位: University of Missouri-Columbia
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-08-01 至 2025-07-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2222158&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Mechanisms; pollen; specific

Sexual reproduction mixes the genetic materials from two parents, which is the driving force for natural selections and a basis for plant breeding improvements. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms that ensure the transfer of the genetic information from each parent to the next generation are largely unknown. This project addresses how specific enzymes that cleave phospholipids, which are building blocks of cell membranes, such as those of sperm and egg cells, affect the sperm genome transfer in maize seed production. Genetic defects in those enzymes lead to some embryos without the sperm genome, producing maternal haploids with genetic information only from the egg. This study will investigate how those enzymes affect membrane lipid changes and how the lipid changes lead to haploid formation. Thus, findings from this project will advance the fundamental, mechanistic understanding of sperm genome stability and haploid seed production with potential applications to crop improvement, such as haploid induction technology to enhance crop breeding and production for food, feed, fuel, and industrial feedstocks. This project will have additional broader impacts on science, education, and society by providing opportunities for training of students and postdoctoral researchers and serving as a platform to broaden participation of underrepresented groups in research. The research materials, including various maize lines, will be distributed to community and the results and large datasets will be disseminated to enhance science and education through lectures and seminars, in classroom teaching, at national and international meetings, and through timely publications in peer-reviewed journals.The goal of this project is to elucidate how two pollen-specific phospholipases, pPLAIIφ and PLD3, are involved in sperm genome transmission and haploid seed production in cereal crops. The research tests the hypotheses that loss of the pPLAIIφ and PLD3 activities perturbs lipid homeostasis, membrane structures, and sperm-egg membrane fusion during fertilization, leading to haploid induction and decreased seed production. The supporting objectives are to: 1) determine the role of pPLAIIφ and PLD3 catalytic activities in haploid and seed production, 2) characterize the effect of the phospholipases on pollen and sperm membrane lipid homeostasis, and 3) measure lipid dynamics and effects on sperm-egg fusion. The results will advance the understanding of sperm genome stability and sexual reproduction and have the potential to identify chemical and molecular modifiers applicable to enhance haploid induction for crop improvement.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

有性繁殖混合了来自两个亲本的遗传物质，这是自然选择的驱动力，也是植物育种改良的基础。然而，确保遗传信息从每个亲本传递到下一代的细胞和分子机制在很大程度上是存在的。该项目研究了裂解磷脂（精子和卵细胞等细胞膜的组成部分）的特定酶如何影响玉米种子生产中的精子基因组转移，这些酶的遗传缺陷导致一些胚胎没有精子。精子基因组，产生这项研究将研究这些酶如何影响膜脂质变化以及脂质变化如何导致单倍体形成，因此，该项目的发现将促进对精子基因组稳定性和单倍体的基本机制的理解。种子生产具有潜在的作物改良应用，例如单倍体诱导技术，可增强作物育种和食品、饲料、燃料和工业原料的生产。该项目将通过提供培训机会，对科学、教育和社会产生更广泛的影响。学生和博士后研究员研究材料，包括各种玉米品系，将分发给社区，并通过课堂讲座和研讨会传播研究结果和大型数据集，以加强科学和教育。在国内和国际会议上进行教学，并通过在同行评审期刊上及时发表文章。该项目的目标是阐明两种花粉特异性磷脂酶 pPLAIIφ 和 PLD3 如何参与精子该研究测试了以下假设：pPLAIIφ 和 PLD3 活性的丧失会扰乱受精过程中的脂质稳态、膜结构和精卵膜融合，从而导致单倍体诱导和种子产量目标降低。目的：1) 确定 pPLAIIφ 和 PLD3 催化活性在单倍体和种子生产中的作用，2) 表征磷脂酶对花粉和精子膜脂质稳态，3) 测量脂质动态和对精卵融合的影响。这些结果将增进对精子基因组稳定性和有性生殖的理解，并有可能识别适用于增强单倍体诱导的化学和分子修饰剂。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。