Collaborative Research: Mechanisms of pollen-specific phospholipases in maize haploid production

合作研究：花粉特异性磷脂酶在玉米单倍体生产中的机制

• 批准号: 2222158
• 负责人: Bing Yang
• 金额: $ 55.41万
• 依托单位: University of Missouri-Columbia
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-08-01 至 2025-07-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2222158&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Mechanisms; pollen; specific

Sexual reproduction mixes the genetic materials from two parents, which is the driving force for natural selections and a basis for plant breeding improvements. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms that ensure the transfer of the genetic information from each parent to the next generation are largely unknown. This project addresses how specific enzymes that cleave phospholipids, which are building blocks of cell membranes, such as those of sperm and egg cells, affect the sperm genome transfer in maize seed production. Genetic defects in those enzymes lead to some embryos without the sperm genome, producing maternal haploids with genetic information only from the egg. This study will investigate how those enzymes affect membrane lipid changes and how the lipid changes lead to haploid formation. Thus, findings from this project will advance the fundamental, mechanistic understanding of sperm genome stability and haploid seed production with potential applications to crop improvement, such as haploid induction technology to enhance crop breeding and production for food, feed, fuel, and industrial feedstocks. This project will have additional broader impacts on science, education, and society by providing opportunities for training of students and postdoctoral researchers and serving as a platform to broaden participation of underrepresented groups in research. The research materials, including various maize lines, will be distributed to community and the results and large datasets will be disseminated to enhance science and education through lectures and seminars, in classroom teaching, at national and international meetings, and through timely publications in peer-reviewed journals.The goal of this project is to elucidate how two pollen-specific phospholipases, pPLAIIφ and PLD3, are involved in sperm genome transmission and haploid seed production in cereal crops. The research tests the hypotheses that loss of the pPLAIIφ and PLD3 activities perturbs lipid homeostasis, membrane structures, and sperm-egg membrane fusion during fertilization, leading to haploid induction and decreased seed production. The supporting objectives are to: 1) determine the role of pPLAIIφ and PLD3 catalytic activities in haploid and seed production, 2) characterize the effect of the phospholipases on pollen and sperm membrane lipid homeostasis, and 3) measure lipid dynamics and effects on sperm-egg fusion. The results will advance the understanding of sperm genome stability and sexual reproduction and have the potential to identify chemical and molecular modifiers applicable to enhance haploid induction for crop improvement.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

有性繁殖将两个父母的遗传材料混合在一起，这是自然选择的驱动力，也是植物育种改善的基础。然而，确保遗传信息从每个父母转移到下一代的细胞和分子机制在很大程度上未知。该项目解决了清除磷脂的特定酶，这些酶是细胞机制的基础，例如精子和卵细胞的基础，会影响玉米种子生产中的精子基因组转移。这些酶中的遗传缺陷导致一些没有精子基因组的胚胎，仅产生卵子信息的母体单倍体。这项研究将研究这些酶如何影响膜脂质变化以及脂质变化如何导致单倍体形成。这是该项目的发现将提高对精子基因组稳定性和单倍体种子产生的基本，机械的理解，并具有潜在的作物改进应用，例如单倍体诱导技术，以增强农作物，饲料，饲料，燃料和工业饲料的作物繁殖和生产。该项目将通过为培训学生和博士后研究人员提供机会，并作为扩大代表性不足的研究团体参与研究的平台，从而对科学，教育和社会产生更广泛的影响。研究材料（包括各种玉米系列）将分配给社区，结果和大型数据集将被分散，以通过讲座和半座，在课堂教学，国家和国际会议上以及通过Peer评估的期刊中的及时出版物来增强科学和教育。谷物作物中的单倍种子产生。该研究检验了pplaiiφ和PLD3活性的丧失脂质稳态，膜结构和精子 - 蛋膜在受精过程中的丧失，从而导致单倍倍诱导并产生种子产生。支持对象是：1）确定pplaiiφ和PLD3催化活性在单倍体和种子产生中的作用，2）表征磷脂酶对花粉和精子膜脂质稳态的影响，以及3）测量脂质动力学和对精子融合的影响。结果将提高人们对精子基因组稳定性和有性繁殖的理解，并有可能识别适用于改善农作物改善单倍体诱导的化学和分子修饰符。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是通过使用基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响审查标准来通过评估来获得的珍贵支持。