CPS: Small: Data-driven Real-time Data Authentication in Wide-Area Energy Infrastructure Sensor Networks

CPS：小型：广域能源基础设施传感器网络中数据驱动的实时数据身份验证

• 批准号: 1931975
• 负责人: Yilu Liu
• 金额: $ 40万
• 依托单位: University of Tennessee Knoxville
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-09-15 至 2024-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1931975&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CPS; Small; Data; driven; Real

The electric power grid is a large-scale dynamic cyber-physical systems (CPS) and it is critical to the modern society. To ensure its reliable operation, wide-area monitoring and control systems are essential to provide real-time understanding of the system dynamics such that proper control actions can be taken in real time to respond to power system disturbances and avoid blackouts. Like many other CPSs, power grids are vulnerable to data spoofing attacks due to the lack of security properties in monitoring and control protocols. Conventional cryptography techniques are not usable because the computation burden and time delay are intolerable to numerous power system devices considering the fast-changing system dynamics. This project proposes to develop spatial and temporal signature-based methods and tools that efficiently authenticate power grid wide-area measurements and effectively prevent malicious cyber-attacks from causing catastrophic losses. By delivering data authentication tools to detect cyber-attacks, this project will provide a new path that leverages measurement data from CPS itself to protect the security of wide-area highly-dynamic closed-loop real-time CPS. This project will have immediate positive impacts on electric power grid security and will also be beneficial to other tightly-coupled, physically-distributed CPSs. The project will also provide many educational resources and opportunities for K-12 and STEM students to broaden their participation in engineering.The project's primary goal is to address power system cyber security issues and help protect the power system from data spoofing attacks that are hard to detect by existing technologies. The project team discovered that power grid wide-area monitoring system (WAMS) measurement data have spatial and temporal signatures caused by natural responses of each local grid's continuous and random condition changes. These signatures are almost impossible to counterfeit, making them perfect for data authentication. This project will be the first time to use signatures in high data rate (up to 1,500 sample per second) measurements to develop data-driven cyber-physical security tools. Major steps to achieve the project goal include: (1) investigate methods to extract spatial and temporal signatures embedded in WAMS measurements efficiently; (2) develop methods and tools for authenticating a large volume of WAMS measurement data in real time; and (3) online implement and demonstrate cyber-attack detection technologies on FNET/GridEye, which is an actual cyber-physical system. With credible real-time information provided by the secure cyber system, power system operators will be able to assess system risks or take prompt actions to control and mitigate risks and prevent blackouts. The secured cyber system will also ensure the physical power system is under appropriate controls determined by automatic controllers to prevent systems entering dangerous status.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

电力电网是一个大规模的动态网络物理系统（CPS），对现代社会至关重要。为了确保其可靠的操作，大区域监控和控制系统对于提供对系统动态的实时理解至关重要，以便可以实时采取适当的控制操作来响应电源系统干扰并避免停电。像许多其他CPS一样，由于监视和控制协议中缺乏安全属性，电网容易受到数据欺骗攻击的影响。传统的加密技术无法使用，因为考虑到快速变化的系统动力学，众多电力系统设备的计算负担和时间延迟无法忍受。该项目提议开发基于空间和时间签名的方法和工具，以有效地验证电网广泛区域测量，并有效防止恶意网络攻击造成灾难性损失。通过提供数据身份验证工具来检测网络攻击，该项目将提供一条新的路径，以利用CPS本身的测量数据来保护广阔区域高度动态的闭环实时CPS的安全性。该项目将立即对电力电网安全产生积极影响，也将对其他紧密耦合，物理分布的CPSS有益。该项目还将为K-12和STEM学生提供许多教育资源和机会，以扩大他们参与工程的参与。该项目的主要目标是解决电力系统网络安全问题，并有助于保护电力系统免受现有技术难以检测的数据欺骗攻击。该项目团队发现，电网宽区域监测系统（WAMS）测量数据具有由每个本地网格连续和随机状态变化的自然响应引起的空间和时间标志。这些签名几乎不可能伪造，使其非常适合数据身份验证。该项目将是第一次使用高数据速率（每秒最多1,500个样本）的签名来开发数据驱动的网络物理安全工具。实现项目目标的主要步骤包括：（1）研究有效地嵌入在WAMS测量中的空间和时间标志的方法； （2）开发实时认证大量WAM测量数据的方法和工具； （3）在线实施并展示了FNET/GRIDEYE上的网络攻击检测技术，这是一个实际的网络物理系统。借助安全网络系统提供的可靠的实时信息，电力系统操作员将能够评估系统风险或迅速采取措施来控制和减轻风险并防止停电。有担保的网络系统还将确保物理电源系统受自动控制器确定的适当控制，以防止系统进入危险状态。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并认为使用基金会的知识分子和更广泛的影响审查标准，认为值得通过评估来支持。

项目成果

Data source authentication of synchrophasor measurement devices based on 1D-CNN and GRU

• DOI: 10.1016/j.epsr.2021.107207
• 发表时间: 2021-07
• 期刊: Electric Power Systems Research
• 影响因子: 3.9
• 作者: Shengyuan Liu;Shutang You;Chujie Zeng;H. Yin;Zhenzhi Lin;Yuqing Dong;W. Qiu;Wenxuan Yao;Yilu Liu

Calculate Center-of-Inertia Frequency and System RoCoF Using PMU Data

• DOI: 10.1109/pesgm46819.2021.9638108
• 发表时间: 2020-10
• 期刊: 2021 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting (PESGM)
• 作者: Shutang You;Hongyu Li;Shengyuan Liu;Kaiqi Sun;Weikang Wang;W. Qiu;Yilu Liu

Compressive Sensing Based Situational Awareness and Sensor Placement for DC Microgrids with Relatively Fixed Operation Patterns

• DOI: 10.1109/pesgm48719.2022.9916706
• 发表时间: 2020-10
• 期刊: 2022 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting (PESGM)
• 作者: Shutang You;Yilu Liu

Practical Event Location Estimation Algorithm for Power Transmission System Based on Triangulation and Oscillation Intensity

• DOI: 10.1109/tpwrd.2022.3173974
• 发表时间: 2022-12
• 期刊: IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery
• 影响因子: 4.4
• 作者: Shengyuan Liu;Kaiqi Sun;Chujie Zeng;Shutang You;Hongyu Li;Wenpeng Yu;Xianda Deng;Zhenzhi Lin;Yilu Liu

Time-frequency based cyber security defense of wide-area control system for fast frequency reserve

• DOI: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2021.107151
• 发表时间: 2021-11
• 期刊: International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems
• 影响因子: 5.2
• 作者: W. Qiu;Kaiqi Sun;Wenxuan Yao;Shutang You;H. Yin;Xiaoyang Ma;Yilu Liu