Linking evolutionary processes and taxonomy in the peatmoss group Sphagnum subg. Cuspidata

将泥炭类泥炭藓亚群的进化过程和分类学联系起来。

• 批准号: 1928514
• 负责人: Arthur Shaw
• 金额: $ 82万
• 依托单位: Duke University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-01-01 至 2024-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1928514&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Linking; evolutionary; processes; taxonomy; peatmoss

Peatmosses (genus Sphagnum) cover huge areas of the Northern Hemisphere where they help regulate regional patterns of water drainage, and in the far North, the extent of permafrost (permanently frozen ground). Within these Sphagnum-dominated peatland ecosystems, peatmosses store vast amounts of carbon in the form of partially decomposed peat and create environments for unique assemblages of other plants, animals, and microbes. There are an estimated 250-400 peatmoss species although the exact number of species and their genealogical relationships remain to be tested. This project focuses on species delimitation, estimating genealogical relationships, and producing a new taxonomic classification for one group of peatmosses: Sphagnum subg. Cuspidata. Undergraduates, graduate students and post-doctoral researchers will be trained in diverse field and laboratory techniques and receive hands-on experience working in Sphagnum-dominated peatland ecosystems. A series of workshops and field courses will engage both professional and amateur naturalists in the project, and a new illustrated book will introduce preschool children to the diversity of plant life. All DNA sequence data generated by the project will be deposited in public databases and other research products will be freely accessible.The central aims of this project are to assess species delimitation, phylogenetic relationships, interspecific admixture, and inter- / intra-specific genome structure in Sphagnum, subgenus Cuspidata. Subgenus Cuspidata includes approximately 20-25 species. The project covers a broad range of geographic scales including proximate populations, regional metapopulations, and plants from different continents, and includes three integrated parts. The first aim uses RADSeq to test hypotheses of phylogeographic structure among plants collected in Europe, eastern North America, western North America, Asia, and specifically, whether eastern North American and European plants form a clade sister to plants from western North America and Asia. The RADSeq data will be used to delimit phylogenetic species, including estimates of genetic admixture among species and intraspecific, geographic metapopulation systems. The second aim uses whole genome sequencing to test hypotheses about genomic differentiation among species and geographically disjunct population systems, as well as genomic regions that are shared among species- and population-level clades. A major goal is to assess the physical architecture of shared and differentiated genomic regions across the 19 chromosomes of haploid gametophytes. Comparative analyses will test hypotheses that species differ in genes related to nutrient requirements and water relations, two important niche gradients that differentiate members of Sphagnum subg. Cuspidata. The comparative analyses are facilitated by rich genomic resources available for Sphagnum, including a reference genome and genetic map for a species in subg. Cuspidata (S. fallax). The third and final aim integrates and synthesizes data within a taxonomic revision of the subgenus, including identification keys, descriptions, nomenclatural revisions, illustrations, and distribution maps.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

Peatmosses（Sphagnum属）覆盖了北半球的巨大区域，在那里它们有助于调节排水的区域模式，在遥远的北部，永久冻土的程度（永久冷冻地面）。在这些以泥炭型为主的泥炭地生态系统中，泥炭植物以部分分解的泥炭的形式存储大量碳，并为其他植物，动物和微生物的独特组合创造环境。估计有250-400种泥炭泥种类，尽管确切的物种数量及其家谱关系仍有待测试。 该项目侧重于物种划界，估计谱系关系以及为一组泥炭群生成新的分类学分类：Sphagnum Subg。 cuspidata。本科生，研究生和博士后研究人员将接受各种领域和实验室技术的培训，并获得在泥炭型主导的泥炭地生态系统中工作的动手经验。 一系列的研讨会和实地课程将参与该项目的专业和业余博物学家，一本新的插图书将向学龄前儿童介绍植物生活的多样性。该项目生成的所有DNA序列数据都将存放在公共数据库中，其他研究产品将可以自由访问。该项目的主要目的是评估sphagnum，subgenus cuspidata中的物种界定，系统发育关系，种间混合和 /内 /内 /内 /内 /内基因组结构。亚属cuspidata包括大约20-25种。该项目涵盖了广泛的地理量表，包括来自不同大陆的近端人口，区域载体和植物，其中包括三个集成部分。 第一个目标使用RadSeq在欧洲，北美东部，北美西部，亚洲，特别是北美和欧洲植物中收集的植物中的植物地理结构假设，无论是北美和欧洲东部的植物构成了北美西部和亚洲的植物的姐妹。 RADSEQ数据将用于界定系统发育物种，包括对物种和种内的地理型群体中遗传混合的估计。 第二个目的使用整个基因组测序来测试有关物种和地理群体系统中基因组分化的假设，以及在物种和人口级进化枝之间共享的基因组区域。一个主要目标是评估单倍体配子体的19个染色体中共享和分化基因组区域的物理结构。比较分析将检验假设的假设，即与营养需求和水关系相关的基因差异，这两个重要的细分梯度将分化的Sphagnum Subg成员。 cuspidata。比较分析是通过可用于泥炭纳的丰富基因组资源来促进的，其中包括Subg中一个物种的参考基因组和遗传图。 Cuspidata（S. fallax）。 第三个也是最后一个目标将数据整合并综合了子属的分类学修订，包括识别键，描述，命名自然修订，插图和分销地图。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是通过基金会的知识分子的智力和更广泛的影响来评估的支持，并被认为是值得的。