Phylogeny and Speciation in Sphagnum Section Subsecunda

泥炭藓科亚二级的系统发育和物种形成

• 批准号: 0515749
• 负责人: Arthur Shaw
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Duke University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-07-01 至 2010-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0515749&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Phylogeny; Speciation; Sphagnum; Section; Subsecunda

This project applies a variety of laboratory and field techniques to understanding ecological and genetic processes in peatmosses (Sphagnum). The project has three major components. The first part involves a global analysis of peatmoss diversity in order to determine if genetic relationships reflect geographic proximity or structural similarity among plants. The second part of the research investigates ecological, genetic, and morphological variation in a group of closely related species that are widespread in North America, Europe, and Asia. Analyses of DNA sequences to understand genealogical relationships will be complemented with studies of chromosome number, investigations of ecological differences among species, and experimental work designed to clarify the genetic basis of morphological variation. The last part of the project focuses on the genetic processes occurring within populations that give rise to the broader biodiversity patterns documented in the first two parts of the work. DNA fingerprinting methods will be used to determine reproductive patterns in natural populations and the extent to which co-occurring species hybridize. The research has implications beyond this group of plants per se. Sphagnum frequently dominates habitats in which it occurs, forming deep peat deposits in boreal regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Sphagnum-dominated peatlands constitute an important reservoir for global carbon, are critical to the movement of methane (CH4) and other atmospheric gases including CO, N2O, NH3, H2S, COS, and DMS, and play a prominent role in determining patterns of regional hydrology, permafrost, and biodiversity. It has been stated that more biomass is bound up in the genus Sphagnum than in any other living genus of plants. Boreal peatlands provide habitat for diverse organisms including many unique plants, protists, animals, and fungi. In terms of its ecological dominance, the genus Sphagnum is without parallel among plants. This project addresses fundamental issues related to the generation and maintenance of biodiversity. In particular, the research will clarify species delimitation in this critically important group, evaluate the extent to which species are ecologically equivalent and hence mutually replaceable, and clarify the importance of local scale genetic processes such as hybridization in generating biodiversity. The project integrates graduate and undergraduate training into the research program and will make all information publicly available through the worldwide web. Student involvement provides an important contribution to the continuing development of scientific infrastructure in the United States.

该项目应用了各种实验室和现场技术来理解泥炭泥（Sphagnum）中的生态和遗传过程。 该项目具有三个主要组成部分。 第一部分涉及对泥炭多样性的全球分析，以确定遗传关系是否反映了植物之间的地理接近或结构相似性。 该研究的第二部分研究了一组在北美，欧洲和亚洲广泛相关的物种中的生态，遗传和形态变异。 DNA序列的分析将与染色体数量的研究，物种之间的生态差异的研究以及旨在阐明形态变异的遗传基础的实验工作相辅相成。 该项目的最后一部分着重于在人群中发生的遗传过程，这些过程引起了工作的前两个部分中所记录的更广泛的生物多样性模式。 DNA指纹方法将用于确定自然种群中的生殖模式以及共同出现的物种杂交的程度。 这项研究本身具有超出这组植物的影响。泥炭症经常主导着它发生的栖息地，在北半球的北方地区形成深泥炭沉积物。泥炭型主导的泥炭地构成了全球碳的重要储层，这对于甲烷（CH4）和其他大气气体的运动至关重要，包括CO，N2O，NH3，H2S，COS，COS和DMS，并且在确定区域水文，多年生物疗法和生物跨性别的模式中起着重要作用。据说，与其他植物的其他生物属相比，泥炭属中的生物量更多。北方泥炭地为各种生物提供了栖息地，包括许多独特的植物，生物，动物和真菌。就其生态优势而言，泥石纳属在植物之间没有平行。该项目解决了与生物多样性的产生和维护有关的基本问题。 特别是，这项研究将阐明这个至关重要的群体中的物种划界，评估物种在生态上等效的程度，因此可以相互替代，并阐明了局部规模遗传过程（例如杂交在产生生物多样性中）的重要性。 该项目将毕业生和本科培训集成到研究计划中，并将通过全球网络公开提供所有信息。学生参与为美国的科学基础设施的持续发展提供了重要的贡献。