P2C2: Characterizing East African Climate Through a Major Faunal Transition at 250 - 550 ka

P2C2：通过250 - 550 ka的主要动物区系转变来描述东非气候

• 批准号: 1903662
• 负责人: Tom Johnson
• 金额: $ 34.66万
• 依托单位: University of Massachusetts Amherst
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-09-01 至 2023-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1903662&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: P2C2; Characterizing; East; African; Climate

The great lakes region of tropical East Africa has been a magnet for human occupation and settlement since the origin of our species but currently is one of the most underdeveloped in the world. Meanwhile, the future climate trends of the region remain relatively unknown. This project will provide a perspective from the past on the future hydroclimate of the Lake Malawi basin, against which climate models can be compared for more reliable predictions of rainfall and drought and thus offer a much needed technical basis for water management in the region. The results will also provide important context to the evolution of our species and other mammals of eastern Africa during a crucial time period of its archaeological and evolutionary history. The project will support graduate and undergraduate students with mentoring activities designed to improve the likelihood of success in future careers which address national environmental and societal needs. The researchers will offer a workshop to secondary school educators that will bring hands-on experience with sediment cores. The researchers and educators will work together on curriculum development about modern day environmental and climate concerns by creating tested teacher-prep materials.Specifically, the research project will develop a high-resolution record of past temperature and rainfall in southern East Africa that spans a relatively well dated, recent, and significant evolutionary event that occurred sometime between 500 and 300 thousand years ago. The study will focus on the Lake Malawi basin in southern East Africa, where the Lake Malawi Drilling Project recovered the longest, high-resolution record of climate change yet to be recovered from the African continent. Researchers will analyze sediments in the Lake Malawi drill core at roughly a 1000-year interval for temperature and rainfall between 250 and 550 thousand years ago, as recorded by organic geochemical signals in the sediments (TEX86, leaf wax carbon and hydrogen isotopic composition). These analytical results will be compared to other such results from around the world, to seek commonality in the timing or direction of climate change. The team will also compare their results with climate model reconstructions of the region, to test the accuracy of various climate models that hindcast African climate, and to better comprehend what caused the observed climate behavior.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

自从我们物种的起源以来，热带东非的大湖地区一直是人类占领和定居点的磁铁，但目前是世界上最不发达的人之一。同时，该地区的未来气候趋势仍然相对未知。 该项目将提供过去对马拉维湖盆地未来氢化气候的看法，可以将气候模型比较，以便对降雨和干旱的更可靠的预测进行比较，从而为该地区的水管理提供了急需的技术基础。结果还将为我们的物种和东非其他哺乳动物的进化提供重要背景，其考古和进化史的关键时期。该项目将为毕业生和本科生提供指导活动，旨在提高未来职业的成功可能性，以满足国家环境和社会需求。 研究人员将向中学教育者提供一个研讨会，这将带来对沉积物核心的实践经验。 研究人员和教育工作者将通过创建经过测试的教师prep材料来共同开展有关现代环境和气候问题的课程开发。特别是，研究项目将在东非南非的过去温度和降雨中建立高分辨率记录，跨越了相对良好的，最近的，最近的，近期且重大的进化事件，发生在500千年前的某个时候发生。该研究将重点关注东非南部的马拉维湖盆地，马拉维湖钻探项目恢复了最长，高分辨率的气候变化记录，尚未从非洲大陆回收。研究人员将以大约1000年的温度和250至550千年的降雨时间间隔分析马拉维湖钻头中的沉积物，如沉积物中有机地球化学信号（Tex86，叶蜡碳和氢同位素组成）所记录的那样。这些分析结果将与世界各地的其他此类结果进行比较，以寻求气候变化的时机或方向。该团队还将将他们的结果与该地区的气候模型重建进行比较，以测试后广播非洲气候的各种气候模型的准确性，并更好地理解导致观察到的气候行为的原因。这项奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并通过使用该基金会的智力功能和广泛的影响来评估NSF的法定任务，并被认为是值得的。

项目成果

An abrupt temperature and hydroclimate transition in eastern Africa during Termination V

第五次终止期间东非的气温和水文气候突变

• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: XXI INQUA Congress
• 作者: Ramirez, B.;Castañeda, I.S.;Salacup, J.M.;Johnson, T.C.
• 通讯作者: Johnson, T.C.

East African Climate During a Major Turnover in Mammal Species between 400 and 500 thousand years ago

400至50万年前哺乳动物物种大转变期间的东非气候

• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Abstracts Geological Society of America
• 作者: Johnson, T.;Ramirez, B.;Salacup, J.;Castañeda, I.S.
• 通讯作者: Castañeda, I.S.