RoL: FELS: EAGER: Metabolic asymmetry: An energetic rule for linking biology across scales

RoL：FELS：EAGER：代谢不对称：跨尺度联系生物学的能量规则

• 批准号: 1838346
• 负责人: Anthony Dell
• 金额: $ 29.76万
• 依托单位: Lewis and Clark Community College
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-08-15 至 2022-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1838346&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RoL; FELS; EAGER; Metabolic; asymmetry

Ecosystems are composed of animals often referred to as being either 'warm' or 'cold' blooded. While warm-blooded organisms (endotherms) can generate their own body heat, cold-blooded organisms (ectotherms) rely on outside temperatures to determine their internal body temperatures. This difference between organisms can influence how they grow and develop, when they can be active, and the amount of food resources they require. This study explores the role of changing environmental temperatures on the way endotherms and ectotherms evolve and interact with each other. For example, warmer temperatures may cause declines in the hunting success and abundance of endotherms feeding on cold-blooded prey. The goal of this study is to develop general rules about the biology of endo- and ectotherms that can be applied to understand their relationships within and across ecosystems. The results of this study will inform conservation efforts through a focus on how different types of organisms respond to environmental change. The development of general rules that shape life on Earth will be used to engage the public through an on-line film and photo essay, and the development of an interactive website for students and the public to explore how temperature influences species behavior, interactions, and evolution. This work will provide opportunities to mentor and engage undergraduates through research. Although energetic constraints on organismal and ecosystem processes are well recognized, general rules for how individual energetics shape biotic interactions and diversity are rare. This ambitious project addresses this gap in understanding by exploring the energetic basis of movement, foraging, and competitive behavior to derive a quantitative framework for 'metabolic asymmetry'. The work explores how the metabolic differences between antagonistic species drive ecological interactions and shape biodiversity across space and time. Objective I is to derive and develop a general theory of biotic interactions based on metabolic asymmetry that links physiology, behavior, and community ecology. An initial focus will be endotherm/ectotherm interactions, which best exemplify metabolic asymmetries in nature. Objective II will experimentally assess and refine theory using laboratory and field foraging experiments on endothermic shrews (Soricidae), their ectothermic salamander and lizard competitors, and shared ectothermic invertebrate prey. Objective III will explore macroecological and macroevolutionary implications of the metabolic asymmetry theory, by a) assessing metabolic escalation - the progressive increase in metabolic rates - across space for 376 extant species of shrews; b) evaluating metabolic escalation across deep time, using recent phylogenetic methods to reconstruct basal metabolic rates across the tree of life, and c) forecasting ecosystem-level shifts in the relative dominance of endotherms and ectotherms across the globe, given future climate warming scenarios.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

生态系统由通常被称为“温血”或“冷血”的动物组成。温血生物（吸热生物）可以产生自己的体温，而冷血生物（变温生物）则依靠外部温度来确定其内部体温。生物体之间的这种差异会影响它们的生长和发育方式、何时可以活跃以及它们需要的食物资源量。这项研究探讨了环境温度变化对吸温动物和变温动物进化和相互作用的影响。例如，气温升高可能会导致狩猎成功率下降和以冷血猎物为食的恒温动物数量减少。这项研究的目标是制定有关恒温动物和变温动物生物学的一般规则，可用于了解它们在生态系统内和跨生态系统的关系。这项研究的结果将为保护工作提供信息，重点关注不同类型的生物如何应对环境变化。 制定塑造地球生命的一般规则将用于通过在线电影和照片文章吸引公众，并开发一个互动网站，供学生和公众探索温度如何影响物种行为、相互作用和进化。这项工作将为通过研究指导和吸引本科生提供机会。尽管人们普遍认识到生物体和生态系统过程的能量限制，但个体能量学如何塑造生物相互作用和多样性的一般规则却很少见。这个雄心勃勃的项目通过探索运动、觅食和竞争行为的能量基础来解决这一理解上的差距，从而得出“代谢不对称”的定量框架。这项工作探讨了拮抗物种之间的代谢差异如何驱动生态相互作用并塑造跨空间和时间的生物多样性。目标一是推导和发展基于代谢不对称的生物相互作用的一般理论，将生理学、行为和群落生态学联系起来。最初的焦点将是吸热/变热相互作用，它最好地体现了自然界中代谢不对称性。目标 II 将利用实验室和野外觅食实验对吸温鼩鼱（Soricidae）、其变温蝾螈和蜥蜴竞争对手以及共享的变温无脊椎动物猎物进行实验评估和完善理论。目标 III 将通过以下方式探索代谢不对称理论的宏观生态学和宏观进化影响：a) 评估 376 种现存鼩鼱在太空中的代谢升级（代谢率的逐渐增加）； b）评估跨深度时间的代谢升级，使用最新的系统发育方法重建整个生命树的基础代谢率，以及c）在考虑到未来气候变暖的情况下，预测全球吸温动物和变温动物相对优势的生态系统水平变化。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Food web consequences of thermal asymmetries

• DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14091
• 发表时间: 2022-06-01
• 期刊: FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY
• 影响因子: 5.2
• 作者: Gibert, Jean P.;Grady, John M.;Dell, Anthony, I
• 通讯作者: Dell, Anthony, I

The effect of temperature on fish swimming and schooling is context dependent

• DOI: 10.1111/oik.09202
• 发表时间: 2022-10
• 期刊: Oikos
• 影响因子: 3.4
• 作者: Maria Kuruvilla;A. Dell;Ashley R. Olson;J. Knouft;J. Grady;Jacob Forbes;A. Berdahl

Metabolic asymmetry and the global diversity of marine predators

• DOI: 10.1126/science.aat4220
• 发表时间: 2019-01-25
• 期刊: SCIENCE
• 影响因子: 56.9
• 作者: Grady, John M.;Maitner, Brian S.;Brown, James H.
• 通讯作者: Brown, James H.