RoL: FELS: EAGER: Genetic Constraints on the Increase of Organismal Complexity Over Time

RoL：FELS：EAGER：随着时间的推移，生物体复杂性增加的遗传限制

基本信息

批准号：
1838307
负责人：
James Schnable
金额：
$ 29.98万
依托单位：
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2018-08-01 至 2022-07-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1838307&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
RoL FELS EAGER Genetic Constraints

项目摘要

In both plants and animals, the emergence of new specialized body parts is rare. Specialized organs appear to originate as specialized versions of existing organs, yet their specialization requires a divergence in regulation between different copies of the same organ. This project will test a proposed rule of life, that states that the largest and most complex changes in the evolution of multicellular organisms are easier to achieve when the entire set of chromosomes of an organism is duplicated in the course of evolution. Links between whole genome duplication and an increase in the number of body parts has been suggested to explain the evolution of early tetrapods or the emergence of flowering plants, but these are harder to study experimentally as they have occurred tens or hundreds of millions of years ago. A more recent event is the emergence in corn with two types of inflorescences (group or cluster of flowers arranged on a stem) for male and female reproduction - tassel and ear; contrasting to the situation in close relatives of maize that produce only a single type of inflorescence. This research will use comparative genetics techniques in maize and one such relative, sorghum, to identify which genetic systems, when turned on or off, change the inflorescence types. The project will provide valuable training to undergraduate students, supported by institutional UCARE and REU programs.This EAGER project tests the hypothesis that the development and evolution of specialized reproductive organs of maize are controlled by the specialized ensembles of duplicate copies of one set of ancestral genes that was required for development of non-specialized sexual organ, before it underwent a duplication in the course of the whole-genome polyploidization. Generation and phenotypic characterization of knockouts of syntenic orthologous genes in polyploidized maize and nonpolyploidized sorghum will provides a systematic test of the Ortholog Conjecture, a rule of life that tells that genes evolved by speciation tend to preserve function, whereas genes produced by duplication tend to evolve related but not identical functions.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

在动植物中，新的专业身体部位的出现很少见。专门的器官似乎是现有器官的专业版本，但是它们的专业化需要在同一器官的不同副本之间的调节方面存在分歧。该项目将测试拟议的生命规则，该规则指出，当生物体的整个染色体在进化过程中重复时，多细胞生物进化的最大，最复杂的变化更容易实现。整个基因组重复与人体部位数量增加之间的联系已被建议解释早期四脚架的演变或开花植物的出现，但是由于发生数十万年前，这些联系更难进行实验研究。最近的事件是玉米中的出现，有两种类型的花序（茎上排列在茎上的花朵或簇）用于男性和女性繁殖 - 流苏和耳朵；与仅产生单一类型花序的玉米亲属的情况形成鲜明对比。这项研究将使用玉米中的比较遗传学技术和一种相对的高粱，以确定打开或关闭的遗传系统，改变花序类型。该项目将在机构UCARE和REU计划的支持下为本科生提供有价值的培训。该急切的项目检验了以下假设：玉米专业生殖器官的发展和演变由一组祖先基因的重复副本的专业综合器控制在整个基因组多倍化过程中进行重复之前，这是发展非专业性器官所必需的。多倍体化玉米和非多酶化的高粱中同步直系同源基因敲除的产生和表型表征将对直系同源猜想提供系统的测试，这是一种生命规则，证明了形成的基因倾向于保留功能，而复制产生的基因倾向于发展，往往会发展。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是通过基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响标准来评估值得支持的。