Familiarity and Meaning in Visual Working Memory

视觉工作记忆的熟悉程度和意义

基本信息

批准号：
1829434
负责人：
Timothy Brady
金额：
$ 54.09万
依托单位：
University of California-San Diego
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2018-10-01 至 2022-09-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1829434&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Familiarity Meaning Visual Working Memory

项目摘要

Visual working memory allows people to briefly hold visual information in awareness. Researchers investigating this memory system have found that people are capable of holding in mind very few objects at a time, and that this number is related to many different factors. The current research focuses on how factors such as background knowledge, familiarity and meaning affect visual working memory, as measured by the number of objects that are held. This work is expected to improve our understanding of visual skills such as those involved in driving and other complex tasks that require remembering and monitoring multiple objects. It is also expected that the work will inform the design of artificial displays and user interfaces.The current research aims to broadly understand how the working memory system is affected by background knowledge, familiarity and meaningfulness. In order to isolate the visual working memory system -- and separate it from other memory systems, like long-term memory -- a large amount of research focuses on working memory for simple shapes or colors. Such research allows us to isolate the contributions of visual working memory, but is not indicative of how we use our memory in the real world. This project will focus on understanding both the cognitive and neural mechanisms of visual working memory for meaningful objects more like those we encounter in our everyday life. In particular, we will use both behavioral manipulations designed to isolate working memory and a neural marker of brain activity measured with electroencephalography to track how much is held in visual working memory to measure memory capacity for meaningful objects. We will also employ a cognitive training paradigm designed to improve visual working memory capacity by creating new meaningful connections between objects. Overall, the goal of the research is to better understand how to measure and improve visual working memory for realistic and meaningful objects.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

视觉工作记忆使人们可以简要地掌握视觉信息的意识。调查此记忆系统的研究人员发现，人们一次都可以牢记很少的物体，并且这个数字与许多不同的因素有关。当前的研究集中于背景知识，熟悉度和意义等因素如何影响视觉工作记忆，如所持有的对象数量所衡量。预计这项工作将提高我们对视觉技能的理解，例如驾驶和其他复杂任务的知识，这些任务需要记住和监视多个对象。还可以预期，这项工作将为人工展示和用户界面的设计提供信息。当前的研究旨在广泛地了解工作记忆系统如何受背景知识，熟悉和有意义的影响。为了隔离视觉工作记忆系统，并将其与其他内存系统（例如长期内存）分开，大量研究集中于对简单形状或颜色的工作记忆。这样的研究使我们能够隔离视觉工作记忆的贡献，但并不能指示我们如何在现实世界中使用记忆。该项目将着重于理解有意义的物体的视觉工作记忆的认知和神经机制，就像我们在日常生活中遇到的那些物体一样。特别是，我们将使用旨在隔离工作记忆的行为操纵和用脑电图测量的大脑活动的神经标记来跟踪视觉工作记忆中的数量，以测量有意义的对象的记忆能力。我们还将采用一种认知训练范式，旨在通过在对象之间建立新的有意义的连接来提高视觉工作记忆能力。总体而言，该研究的目的是更好地了解如何衡量和改善现实和有意义的对象的视觉工作记忆。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是值得通过基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响来通过评估来获得支持的。。