CAREER: Spatial Ensemble Structure in Visual Working Memory

职业：视觉工作记忆中的空间整体结构

基本信息

批准号：
1653457
负责人：
Timothy Brady
金额：
$ 57.14万
依托单位：
University of California-San Diego
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Continuing Grant
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2017-03-15 至 2023-02-28
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1653457&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
CAREER Spatial Ensemble Structure Visual

项目摘要

Visual working memory allows people to hold visual information in mind for a brief period of time, making it available for other cognitive tasks. Research investigating this memory system has found that people are capable of storing only a few of the many objects that we see in most visual scenes. However, memory does not hold only objects - we also remember large-scale spatial relationships ("spatial ensembles") that provide us with information about where objects are located and what they are like on average. The project will introduce new research methods designed to gather information about visual working memory for ensembles as well as individual objects. Visual working memory is critical for everyday functioning and closely related to fluid intelligence and academic achievement. Disruptions of working memory are common in clinical disorders like AHDH and schizophrenia. Thus, understanding how the human visual system stores information about objects and ensembles in working memory is critical for understanding important differences between individuals as well as improving our understanding of visual skills, such as those involved in driving and other complex tasks that require remembering and monitoring multiple objects and their respective locations. Understanding how memories for objects and ensembles interact can also inform the design of artificial vision systems. The research plan includes a significant outreach component, featuring both the recruitment and training of first-generation college students from underrepresented groups and the development of tools to allow scientists to conduct online experiments and teach them how to do so.The research aims to broadly understand how the working memory system makes use of ensemble structure. First, the research investigates whether memory for objects is dissociable from memory for ensemble structure (e.g., whether object memory can be preserved when ensemble memory is impaired). Second, the research asks what broader cognitive capacities might be related to working memory for ensembles. In particular, it focuses on scene recognition, with the hypothesis that rapid recognition of visual scenes may be related to ensemble representations in working memory. To investigate these issues, a set of rigorous experimental and computational techniques will be used, including a novel paradigm based on 3d-viewpoint manipulations, as well as probabilistic/Bayesian models of visual memory that can be used to dissociate object vs. ensemble contributions to performance on working memory tasks. These techniques will allow for quantitative tests of the way in which ensembles and individual objects interact in visual working memory and the way in which they relate to broader cognitive abilities.

视觉工作记忆使人们可以在短时间内牢记视觉信息，从而可用于其他认知任务。研究该记忆系统的研究发现，人们只能存储我们在大多数视觉场景中看到的许多对象中的少数。但是，内存不仅容纳对象 - 我们还记得大规模的空间关系（“空间合奏”），该关系为我们提供了有关对象所在位置以及它们平均值的信息。该项目将介绍新的研究方法，旨在收集有关合奏以及各个对象的视觉工作记忆的信息。视觉工作记忆对于日常运作至关重要，并且与流体智力和学术成就密切相关。工作记忆的中断在AHDH和精神分裂症等临床疾病中很常见。因此，了解人类视觉系统如何存储有关对象和合奏在工作记忆中的信息对于理解个人之间的重要差异以及我们对视觉技能的理解至关重要多个对象及其各自的位置。了解对象和合奏相互作用的记忆也可以为人工视觉系统的设计提供信息。该研究计划包括一个重要的外展部分，其中包括来自代表性不足的小组的第一代大学生的招聘和培训，以及开发工具以允许科学家进行在线实验并教会他们如何做到这一点。工作记忆系统如何利用整体结构。首先，该研究研究了对象的内存是否可以与集合结构的内存分离（例如，当集合存储器受损时是否可以保留对象存储器）。其次，研究询问哪些更广泛的认知能力可能与合奏的工作记忆有关。特别是，它的重点是场景识别，假设视觉场景的快速识别可能与工作记忆中的集合表示有关。为了研究这些问题，将使用一组严格的实验和计算技术，包括基于3D视图的操纵的新型范式，以及可用于解离对象与集合贡献的概率/贝叶斯视觉记忆模型在工作记忆任务上的性能。这些技术将允许对合奏和各个对象在视觉工作记忆中相互作用及其与更广泛的认知能力相关的方式进行定量测试。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（12）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

When “capacity” changes with set size: Ensemble representations support the detection of across-category changes in visual working memory

当“容量”随设定大小变化时：集成表示支持检测视觉工作记忆中的跨类别变化

DOI：
10.1167/19.5.3
发表时间：
2019
期刊：
Journal of Vision
影响因子：
1.8
作者：
Schurgin, Mark W.;Brady, Timothy F.
通讯作者：
Brady, Timothy F.

An adaptive perspective on visual working memory distortions.

DOI：
10.1037/xge0001191
发表时间：
2022-10
期刊：
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-GENERAL
影响因子：
4.1
作者：
Chunharas, Chaipat;Rademaker, Rosanne L.;Brady, Timothy F.;Serences, John T.
通讯作者：
Serences, John T.

Influences of both prior knowledge and recent history on visual working memory

先验知识和近期历史对视觉工作记忆的影响