MRI: Acquisition of A Meteor Radar for the Andes Lidar Observatory

MRI：为安第斯激光雷达天文台采购流星雷达

• 批准号: 1828589
• 负责人: Alan Liu
• 金额: $ 68.33万
• 依托单位: Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-09-15 至 2025-02-28
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1828589&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: MRI; Acquisition; Meteor; Radar; Andes

This MRI award would acquire a state-of-the-art meteor radar (MR) system that would replace an aging meteor radar located at the Andes Lidar Observatory (ALO), located in Cerro Pachon, Chile (30.26 S, 70.74 W, elev. 2530 m). This clear sky location is ideally situated for making observations of the highly dynamical environment associated with the mountain waves generated by the surface winds blowing over the Andes. This location is also well suited for detecting sodium particles transported to high altitude by the Appleton fountain effect that operates near the geomagnetic equator. Both of these mechanisms make the Andes dynamical environment a "hot spot" that is unique in the world with nothing equivalent available for study in the United States. ALO is an upper atmosphere observatory that supports optical remote sensing instruments, including a wind/temperature (W&T) lidar operating at the sodium wavelength (589 nm) and several airglow instruments. The lidar system measures simultaneously nighttime atmospheric wave perturbations (associated with gravity waves) of temperature, wind and airglow intensities in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) region (80-105 km) at high vertical spatial (1 km) and temporal resolutions (~1 min) during the low moon period of each month. The MR data provides measurements of the background tidal winds that allow the determination of the intrinsic phase speeds needed for studying gravity wave propagation physics. These results taken together are aimed at achieving a detailed study of atmospheric waves and turbulence structures through modeling comparisons of data with turbulent structure morphology. This project will support engineering undergraduate students at ERAU thus helping to extend the STEM undergraduate education effort at ERAU into the remote sensing area. One graduate and one undergraduate student would be directly involved in this project. Moreover, these applications made possible by the enhanced quality of the MR data would provide new opportunities for graduate student training in the radar remote sensing technology as well as having these students undertake studies regarding new questions in upper atmosphere research. Students involved will learn the principles of the MR remote sensing technique through the use of formal lectures and informal hands-on interactions. Activities involving the graduate student are site radar noise survey, the process of radar installation and subsequent hardware maintenance. The student would also be responsible for data retrieval, validation and archival processing. The undergraduate student would help set up the Madrigal server and update the ERAU website concerning the meteor radar status. These activities will provide training to these students on how to become an experimental scientist. The MR would also support undergraduate and graduate education at ERAU as the department offers an undergraduate course in Space Physics, one MS level course Experimental Methods in Space Science, and two PhD level courses Upper Atmosphere Physics and Remote Sensing: Active and Passive. Students will learn advanced techniques involved in MR and use the MR data for various course projects. Students can design their own software for meteor identification, wind and temperature retrieval. The MR measures horizontal wind continuously (day and night) in the same altitude region as the height range observed by the lidar with ~2 km vertical and 1 hr resolutions. It complements the optical lidar measurements by providing background tidal wind information that is critical for deriving gravity wave (GW) intrinsic parameters and understanding the phenomenology of GW wave propagation with regard to reflection, ducting, and dissipation processes. The MR capability for continuous wind measurement is essential for resolving longer time scale oscillations such as atmospheric tides and planetary waves, and for the study of their interactions with small-scale waves. The new MR will not only continue the MR wind measurement series but also provides new capabilities to infer temperature, turbulence diffusion coefficient, and the diurnal variation of GW momentum flux.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该MRI奖将获得最先进的流星雷达（MR）系统，该系统将取代位于智利的Cerro Pachon（30.26 s，70.74 W，Elev。2530m）的安第斯山脉激光座（ALO）的老化的流星雷达（ALO）。这个晴朗的天空位置是理想的位置，可以观察与吹向安第斯山脉的表面风产生的高度动态环境。该位置也非常适合检测通过在地磁赤道附近运行的Appleton喷泉效应传输到高海拔的钠颗粒。这两种机制都使安第斯山脉动态环境成为世界上独特的“热点”，在美国没有任何等效的研究。 ALO是一个高层大气观测站，支持光学遥感仪器，包括在钠波长（589 nm）和几种空气仪器的风温/温度（W＆T）激光雷达。 LIDAR系统同时测量夜间大气波扰动（与重力波）的温度，风和气流强度在每个月的低月光周期期间，在高垂直空间（1 km）和低月光周期期间，在高垂直空间（1 km）和临时分辨率（1 km）和暂时的分辨率（〜1分钟）处的中层和较低热球（MLT）区域（80-10-105 km）的温度，风和气流强度。 MR数据提供了背景潮汐风的测量，该风能允许确定研究重力波传播物理所需的内在相速度。这些结果共同旨在通过建模数据与湍流结构形态的比较来实现大气波和湍流结构的详细研究。该项目将支持ERAU的工程本科生，从而有助于将ERAU的STEM本科教育工作扩展到遥感领域。 一名毕业生和一名本科生将直接参与该项目。此外，通过提高MR数据质量使这些应用程序成为可能，这将为雷达遥感技术的研究生培训提供新的机会，并让这些学生在高层大气层研究中对新问题进行研究。参与的学生将通过使用正式的讲座和非正式的动手互动来了解MR遥感技术的原理。涉及研究生的活动是现场雷达噪声调查，雷达安装过程以及随后的硬件维护。学生还将负责数据检索，验证和档案处理。本科生将帮助设置Madrigal服务器，并更新有关流星雷达状态的ERAU网站。这些活动将为这些学生提供有关如何成为实验科学家的培训。 MR还将支持ERAU的本科和研究生教育，因为该系提供了太空物理学的本科课程，一项MS水平课程的太空科学实验方法以及两个博士学位课程上层大气层物理学和遥感：主动和被动的。学生将学习MR涉及的高级技术，并将MR数据用于各种课程项目。学生可以设计自己的软件，以进行流星识别，风和温度检索。 MR与LiDAR观察到的高度范围在垂直约2 km和1 HR分辨率的同一高度范围内连续（白天和黑夜）测量水平风。它通过提供背景潮汐风信息来补充光学激光痛测量，这对于得出重力波（GW）内在参数至关重要，并了解GW波传播在反射，管道和耗散过程方面的现象学。连续风测量的MR能力对于解决更长的时间尺度振荡至关重要，例如大气潮和行星波，以及研究它们与小规模波的相互作用。新的MR不仅将继续进行MR风能测量系列，还提供了推断温度，湍流扩散系数和GW动量通量的昼夜变化的新功能。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并认为通过使用该基金会的智力和更广泛影响的评估来审查Criteria的评估，并被认为是值得通过评估的支持。

项目成果

Atmospheric tomography using the Nordic Meteor Radar Cluster and Chilean Observation Network De Meteor Radars: network details and 3D-Var retrieval

使用北欧流星雷达集群和智利观测网络 De Meteor 雷达进行大气层析成像：网络细节和 3D-Var 检索

• DOI: 10.5194/amt-14-6509-2021
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
• 影响因子: 3.8
• 作者: Stober, Gunter;Kozlovsky, Alexander;Liu, Alan;Qiao, Zishun;Tsutsumi, Masaki;Hall, Chris;Nozawa, Satonori;Lester, Mark;Belova, Evgenia;Kero, Johan
• 通讯作者: Kero, Johan

Comparison of MLT Momentum Fluxes Over the Andes at Four Different Latitudinal Sectors Using Multistatic Radar Configurations

使用多基地雷达配置比较安第斯山脉四个不同纬度扇区的 MLT 动量通量

• DOI: 10.1029/2021jd035982
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
• 作者: Conte, J. Federico;Chau, Jorge L.;Liu, Alan;Qiao, Zishun;Fritts, David C.;Hormaechea, José L.;Salvador, Jacobo O.;Milla, Marco A.
• 通讯作者: Milla, Marco A.

Identifying gravity waves launched by the Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha′apai volcanic eruption in mesosphere/lower-thermosphere winds derived from CONDOR and the Nordic Meteor Radar Cluster

识别由 CONDOR 和北欧流星雷达集群产生的中层/低热层风中的洪加汤加洪加哈阿派火山喷发发射的重力波

• DOI: 10.5194/angeo-41-197-2023
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Annales Geophysicae
• 影响因子: 1.9
• 作者: Stober, Gunter;Liu, Alan;Kozlovsky, Alexander;Qiao, Zishun;Krochin, Witali;Shi, Guochun;Kero, Johan;Tsutsumi, Masaki;Gulbrandsen, Njål;Nozawa, Satonori
• 通讯作者: Nozawa, Satonori

Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere Changes Associated With the 2 July 2019 Total Eclipse in South America Over the Andes Lidar Observatory, Cerro Pachon, Chile

• DOI: 10.1029/2021jd035064
• 发表时间: 2022-05
• 期刊: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
• 作者: Cerro Pachon;F. Vargas;A. Liu;G. Swenson;C. Segura;P. Vega;J. Fuentes;D. Pautet;M. Taylor;Y. Zhao;Y. Morton;H. Bourne

Meteor radar vertical wind observation biases and mathematical debiasing strategies including the 3DVAR+DIV algorithm

• DOI: 10.5194/amt-15-5769-2022
• 发表时间: 2022-10
• 期刊: Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
• 影响因子: 3.8
• 作者: G. Stober;A. Liu;A. Kozlovsky;Z. Qiao;A. Kuchař;C. Jacobi;C. Meek;D. Janches;Guiping Liu;M. Tsutsumi;N. Gulbrandsen;S. Nozawa;M. Lester;E. Belova;J. Kero;N. Mitchell