Collaborative Research: Instabilities and Turbulence in Gravity Wave Dissipation and Formation of Thermospheric Sodium Layers above the Andes

合作研究：重力波耗散的不稳定性和湍流以及安第斯山脉上方热层钠层的形成

• 批准号: 1759471
• 负责人: Alan Liu
• 金额: $ 109.6万
• 依托单位: Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-07-15 至 2025-06-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1759471&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Instabilities; Turbulence; Gravity

This award will fund continued operations of a sodium (Na) wind-temperature (W&T) lidar at the Andes Lidar Observatory (ALO) in Cerro Pachon, Chile (30.25 S, 70.74 W, elev. 2530 m) supporting scientific studies aimed at the dynamics of mesopause atmospheric instabilities and turbulence structures formation resulting from the gravity wave (GW) dissipation processes for a spatial region above the Andes where the population of mountain GW events is abundant. The Na lidar at ALO is a state-of-the-art resonance-fluorescence Doppler lidar, capable of measuring 3D wind, neutral temperature and Na density profiles with excellent vertical and temporal resolutions within the 80-105 km altitude range (referred to as the MLT region) and with high accuracy. Other possible W&T lidar studies would include the extension of lidar observations into the lower thermosphere, with wind and temperature measurements up to 140 km altitude for the somewhat frequent occurrence of thermospheric sodium layers. The formation of such layers is not understood and will be a significant topic of research in this award. Another interesting application of the ALO observatory is the detection of turbulence scale perturbations in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere temperature and wind profiles that are related to the formation of atmospheric unstable layers and dissipation of GW events.A point of great interest was how the results of this research might be applicable to other planetary atmospheres where the same issues of fluid dynamics come into play because the same energy transfer mechanism applies to these environments. The details of this mechanism that transfers translational energy associated with meteorological systems at low altitudes into a heat source that is significant at MLT altitudes are poorly understood. This conversion process is known to be related to the decreasing exponential neutral density. As the GW structure propagates into the upper region, a conversion process comes into play through dissipation processes that this award would define by undertaking the comparison of observations with the predictions of modelling studies centered upon the question of the initiation, development, and evolution of turbulent structures. Another issue relating to this award area of study is the opportunity to study the atmospheric effects of a total solar eclipse that will be happening in 2019 in Chile.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该奖项将资助在安第斯山脉雷达观测站的钠（NA）风温（W＆T）liDAR的持续操作安第斯山脉上方的空间区域丰富的山区GW事件人口。 ALO的NA LIDAR是一种最先进的共振荧光多普勒激光龙，能够测量3D风，中性温度和Na密度曲线，具有出色的垂直和时间分辨率在80-105 km的高度范围内（称为MLT区域），并且具有高准确性。其他可能的W＆T LIDAR研究将包括将LiDAR观测值扩展到较低的热层中，风能和温度测量值高达140 km，以便在某种程度上频繁出现热层钠层。这些层的形成尚不理解，这将是该奖项中的重要研究主题。 ALO天文台的另一个有趣应用是检测与大气不稳定层的形成和GW事件的耗散相关的热层温度和风能较低的湍流尺度扰动的检测。一个极大的兴趣点。这是该研究的结果如何适用于其他同样的环境，因为这些研究的能量是如何适用于这些动态的，因为这些疗程是相同的，因为这些动态的转化是相同的。该机制的细节将与气象系统的低海拔高度转移到MLT高度显着的热源相关的转化能量。已知这种转换过程与指数降低的中性密度有关。随着GW结构传播到上层区域，转化过程通过耗散过程来发挥作用，该奖项将通过比较观察结果与建模研究的预测来定义，该研究的启动，发展和湍流结构的进化为中心。与该奖项研究领域有关的另一个问题是，有机会研究将于2019年在智利举行的日食的大气影响。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是值得通过基金会的智力优点和更广泛影响的审查标准通过评估来支持的。

项目成果

Kelvin‐Helmholtz Billow Interactions and Instabilities in the Mesosphere Over the Andes Lidar Observatory: 1. Observations

• DOI: 10.1029/2020jd033414
• 发表时间: 2020-11
• 期刊: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
• 作者: J. Hecht;D. Fritts;L. Gelinas;R. J. Rudy;R. Walterscheid;A. Z. Liu

Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere Changes Associated With the 2 July 2019 Total Eclipse in South America Over the Andes Lidar Observatory, Cerro Pachon, Chile

• DOI: 10.1029/2021jd035064
• 发表时间: 2022-05
• 期刊: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
• 作者: Cerro Pachon;F. Vargas;A. Liu;G. Swenson;C. Segura;P. Vega;J. Fuentes;D. Pautet;M. Taylor;Y. Zhao;Y. Morton;H. Bourne

On the Long Lasting “C‐Type” Structures in the Sodium Lidargram: The Lifetime of Kelvin‐Helmholtz Billows in the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere Region

• DOI: 10.1029/2019ja026630
• 发表时间: 2019-04
• 期刊: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics
• 作者: S. Mondal;S. Sarkhel;Jay Agarwal;D. Chakrabarty;R. Sekar;T. Yuan;X. Cai;A. Liu;S. Nozawa;N. Saito;T. Kawahara;M. Mlynczak;J. Russell

Parameterizing Wave‐Driven Vertical Constituent Transport in the Upper Atmosphere

参数化波驱动的高层大气垂直成分输运

• DOI: 10.1029/2019ea000625
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Earth and Space Science
• 影响因子: 3.1
• 作者: Gardner, Chester S.;Guo, Yafang;Liu, Alan Z.
• 通讯作者: Liu, Alan Z.

Seasonal Variation of Vertical Heat and Energy Fluxes due to Dissipating Gravity Waves in the Mesopause Region Over the Andes

• DOI: 10.1029/2020jd033825
• 发表时间: 2021-02
• 期刊: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
• 作者: Yafang Guo;A. Liu