EAGER: Collaborative: A Research Agenda to Explore Privacy in Small Data Applications

EAGER：协作：探索小数据应用程序隐私的研究议程

• 批准号: 1818586
• 负责人: Helen Nissenbaum
• 金额: $ 19.16万
• 依托单位: Cornell University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-10-01 至 2019-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1818586&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: EAGER; Collaborative; Research; Agenda; Explore

One of the crucial ideas behind Privacy by Design (PbD) is that privacy should be taken into consideration in the process of design, not merely after-the-fact, as so often happens. Yet, this ideal has failed to gain widespread practical traction, challenged, in part, by the lack of developed methodologies and also because of privacy's conceptual complexity, which hampers its operationalization. This project addresses both challenges simultaneously, seeking (i) to demonstrate how a robust operationalization of privacy can lead to meaningful PbD and (ii) to contribute methodological insight by engaging with ongoing research and development in the area of small data applications, namely, systems that advance wellness and personal productivity by utilizing digital traces from individuals' day-to-day activities, such as e-mail, grocery shopping, TV watching, transportation, mobile devices, and so forth. Adopting the definition of privacy as contextual integrity, the project will focus on selected small-data applications currently "on the drawing board" in PI Deborah Estrin's Small Data lab. With these design cases, the project rises to one of the PbD challenges, namely consideration of privacy early on in development and, as a research enterprise, its primary aim is to uncover more and less productive methodological approaches for doing so, resulting in system characteristics well correlated with privacy requirements. At the same time, the project will provide invaluable insight into how to operationalize contextual integrity, which conceives of privacy as appropriate flow of personal information, modeling appropriate flow as conformance with context-specific informational norms, which, prescribe (and prohibit) information flows according to three parameters: actors (subject, sender, recipient), information types, and transmission principles (functional constraints on flow). Adopting contextual integrity as an operational definition means that researchers will assess privacy properties by carefully mapping data flows, and evaluating these flows in terms of the context of application and use. The project also extends past work on formal representations of informational norms by demonstrating how they may be integrated into design practices. In addition to its substantive contributions this project embodies an innovative collaborative model -- a novel pairing of a computer scientist, Deborah Estrin (Cornell), with a philosopher, Helen Nissenbaum (NYU), in an equal partnership to forge technologies that embody meaningful privacy.

设计隐私（PBD）背后的关键思想之一是，在设计过程中，不仅是事后事后应考虑的隐私，因此经常发生。然而，这种理想未能获得广泛的实用牵引力，部分原因是由于缺乏开发的方法，也是由于隐私的概念复杂性，这妨碍了其运作。 This project addresses both challenges simultaneously, seeking (i) to demonstrate how a robust operationalization of privacy can lead to meaningful PbD and (ii) to contribute methodological insight by engaging with ongoing research and development in the area of​​ small data applications, namely, systems that advance wellness and personal productivity by utilizing digital traces from individuals' day-to-day activities, such as e-mail, grocery shopping, TV watching, transportation, mobile devices, and所以。该项目采用隐私的定义为上下文完整性，将重点放在当前在Pi Deborah Estrin的小型数据实验室中“在图纸板上”所选的小型数据应用程序。在这些设计案例中，该项目提高了PBD挑战之一，即在开发初期对隐私的考虑，并且作为研究企业，其主要目的是揭示越来越多的生产能力的方法论方法，从而导致系统特征与隐私需求良好相关。同时，该项目将提供有关如何操作上下文完整性的宝贵洞察力，即在适当的个人信息流中构想隐私，将适当的流动建模为符合上下文特定的信息规范，这些信息规定（并禁止）根据三个参数（参与者，受试者，发件人，发件人，信息），信息类型和传输原则（函数和传输）（函数和传输）（函数）（功能）（函数）（函数）（功能）（函数）（功能）（功能）（函数）。采用上下文完整性作为操作定义意味着，研究人员将通过仔细映射数据流来评估隐私属性，并根据应用和使用的上下文评估这些流量。该项目还通过证明如何将它们纳入设计实践来扩展有关信息规范的正式表示的工作。 除了实质性贡献外，该项目还体现了一种创新的合作模型，这是计算机科学家Deborah Estrin（Cornell）与哲学家Helen Nissenbaum（NYU）的新颖配对，与实现有意义的特权的Forge Technologies建立了平等的合作伙伴关系。