Doctoral Dissertation Research: Privacy on the Roads: Values, Technical Design and the Flow of Personal Information on the Transportation and Information Superhighways

博士论文研究：道路隐私：交通和信息高速公路上的价值观、技术设计和个人信息流动

• 批准号: 0620772
• 负责人: Helen Nissenbaum
• 金额: $ 1.2万
• 依托单位: New York University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-09-01 至 2007-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0620772&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Privacy; Roads

This Science and Society Dissertation Improvement grant requests support for empirical data collection to investigate the value implications of two emerging technologies of everyday life, networked vehicle systems and web search engines. Networked vehicle systems (GPS-based navigational tools, automated toll collection, automobile black boxes, and vehicle safety communication systems) rely on the transmission, collection and aggregation of a particular vehicle's location and telemetry data. The drive towards the perfect web search engine (providing personalized results and delivering only relevant advertising) depends on the profiling of users' online activities and interests. Taken together, these technologies represent emerging threats to one's privacy on the roads: on the one hand, networked vehicle systems enable the widespread surveillance of drivers traveling on the public highways, and on the other, a perfect search engine facilitates the monitoring and aggregation of one's intellectual activities on the information superhighway. NSF funding is requested for travel to three carefully selected, specialized research sites that will make theoretical, material, and pragmatic contributions to this project: Center for Philosophy of Technology and Engineering Science, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands, to enrich the investigation of the relationship between values and technology, and work alongside both philosophers and engineers sensitive to the value implications of technology; Department of Philosophy and the History of Technology, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden, to work alongside other scholars dedicated to the ethics of traffic technology and observe pragmatic interventions within Swedish automotive and technical communities; and Culturally Embedded Computing Group, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, to gain a critical understanding of the relationship between technology and culture, and witness the application of critical technical practice to real design situations. Studying within these communities of scholars, in person and over an extended period of time, will not only directly inform this project's investigation of the value implications of technology, but also broaden the level of inquiry to include unique interdisciplinary and pragmatic dimensions typically separated by geographic and disciplinary boundaries and not immediately available at New York University. The intellectual merit of this project includes the deepening of the knowledge and understanding of the complex interplay between social, moral, political and cultural values and technology. Specifically, it will elucidate the value implications of two emerging sociotechnical systems as they relate to privacy in public and the privacy of one's intellectual activities. The support requested with this proposal will improve the project's rigor and intellectual merit by enabling the sharing and discussion of the theories, methods and results of contemporaneous projects with leading scholars at relevant research sites worldwide. The broader impact of this project includes bringing philosophical, legal and cultural analyses of technology into real-world design contexts with the goal of influencing technical design in value- conscious ways. Using the pragmatic tools of value-sensitive design and critical technical practice, combined with the knowledge gained by visiting sites of successful collaboration among social scientists, philosophers and engineers, this project will engage with technical communities to proactively inform design, and work generally to provide a new model for pragmatic engagement outside academia.

这项科学和社会论文改进赠款要求对经验数据收集的支持，以调查两种日常生活，网络车辆系统和网络搜索引擎的新兴技术的价值影响。网络车辆系统（基于GPS的导航工具，自动收费，汽车黑匣子和车辆安全通信系统）依赖于特定车辆位置和遥测数据的传输，收集和聚合。朝着完美的Web搜索引擎（提供个性化结果并仅提供相关广告）的动力取决于用户在线活动和兴趣的分析。综上所述，这些技术代表着对道路上的隐私的新兴威胁：一方面，网络车辆系统可以广泛监视在公共高速公路上行驶的驾驶员，另一方面，完美的搜索引擎可以促进信息在信息上的知识活动的监视和汇总。 NSF资金要求前往三个精心挑选的专业研究站点，这些研究网站将对该项目做出理论，物质和务实的贡献：技术与工程科学哲学中心，荷兰恩斯切德大学，欧斯切德大学，荷兰，以丰富价值与技术之间的关系，以及与哲学家和工程师的敏感技术之间的关系，以丰富对价值和技术之间的关系的研究； 瑞典斯德哥尔摩皇家理工学院哲学系与技术历史，与其他致力于交通技术道德的学者一起工作，并观察瑞典汽车和技术社区内的务实干预措施；以及纽约州伊萨卡市康奈尔大学的文化嵌入计算集团，以对技术与文化之间的关系有批判性的了解，并见证了将批判技术实践应用于实际设计情况。 在这些学者的这些社区中，亲自和长时间的研究将不仅直接告知该项目对技术的价值含义的调查，而且还扩大了调查水平，以包括包括独特的跨学科和务实的维度，通常由地理和学科界限分开，并且在纽约大学不立即获得。该项目的智力优点包括加深对社会，道德，政治和文化价值观与技术之间复杂相互作用的知识和理解。 具体而言，它将阐明两个新兴社会技术系统与公众中的隐私和智力活动的隐私相关的价值含义。 该提案要求的支持将通过与全球相关研究网站的领先学者的同期项目的理论，方法和结果进行共享和讨论，从而提高项目的严格和知识分子。该项目的更广泛影响包括将技术的哲学，法律和文化分析带入现实世界的设计环境，目的是以价值意识的方式影响技术设计。该项目使用访问社会科学家，哲学家和工程师在访问社会科学家，哲学家和工程师之间成功合作的地点获得的务实工具，再加上获得的知识，该项目将与技术社区互动，以主动为设计提供信息，并普遍努力为学术界外部的实用互动提供新的模型。