CAREER: "The Omnivore's Dilemma": The Effect of Autumn Diet on Winter Physiology and Condition of Juvenile Antarctic Krill

职业：“杂食动物的困境”：秋季饮食对南极磷虾幼年冬季生理和状况的影响

• 批准号: 1753101
• 负责人: Kim Bernard
• 金额: $ 57.62万
• 依托单位: Oregon State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-09-01 至 2024-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1753101&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CAREER; Omnivore; Dilemma; Effect; Autumn

Antarctic krill are essential in the Southern Ocean as they support vast numbers of marine mammals, seabirds and fishes, some of which feed almost exclusively on krill. Antarctic krill also constitute a target species for industrial fisheries in the Southern Ocean. The success of Antarctic krill populations is largely determined by the ability of their young to survive the long, dark winter, where food is extremely scarce. To survive the long-dark winter, young Antarctic krill must have a high-quality diet in autumn. However, warming in certain parts of Antarctica is changing the dynamics and quality of the polar food web, resulting in a shift in the type of food available to young krill in autumn. It is not yet clear how these dynamic changes are affecting the ability of krill to survive the winter. This project aims to fill an important gap in current knowledge on an understudied stage of the Antarctic krill life cycle, the 1-year old juveniles. The results derived from this work will contribute to the development of improved bioenergetic, population and ecosystem models, and will advance current scientific understanding of this critical Antarctic species. This CAREER project's core education and outreach objectives seek to enhance education and increase diversity within STEM fields. An undergraduate course will be developed that will integrate undergraduate research and writing in way that promotes authentic scientific inquiry and analysis of original research data by the students, and that enhances their communication skills. A graduate course will be developed that will promote students' skills in communicating their own research to a non-scientific audience. Graduate students will be supported through the proposed study and will gain valuable research experience. Traditionally underserved undergraduate students will be recruited to conduct independent research under the umbrella of the larger project. Throughout each field season, the research team will maintain a weekly blog that will include short videos, photographs and text highlighting the research, as well as their experiences living and working in Antarctica. The aim of the blog will be to engage the public and increase awareness and understanding of Antarctic ecosystems and the impact of warming, and of the scientific process of research and discovery.In this 5-year CAREER project, the investigator will use a combination of empirical and theoretical techniques to assess the effects of diet on 1-year old krill in autumn-winter. The research is centered on four hypotheses: (H1) autumn diet affects 1-year old krill physiology and condition at the onset of winter; (H2) autumn diet has an effect on winter physiology and condition of 1-year old krill under variable winter food conditions; (H3) the rate of change in physiology and condition of 1-year old krill from autumn to winter is dependent on autumn diet; and (H4) the winter energy budget of 1-year old krill will vary between years and will be dependent on autumn diet. Long-term feeding experiments and in situ sampling will be used to measure changes in the physiology and condition of krill in relation to their diet and feeding environment. Empirically-derived data will be used to develop theoretical models of growth rates and energy budgets to determine how diet will influence the overwinter survival of 1-year old krill. The research will be integrated with an education and outreach plan to (1) develop engaging undergraduate and graduate courses, (2) train and develop young scientists for careers in polar research, and (3) engage the public and increase their awareness and understanding.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

南极磷虾在南海至关重要，因为它们支持大量海洋哺乳动物，海鸟和鱼类，其中一些几乎完全以磷虾为食。南极磷虾还构成了南大洋工业渔业的目标物种。南极磷虾种群的成功在很大程度上取决于年轻人在漫长而黑暗的冬天生存的能力，那里的食物极为稀少。为了在长黑暗的冬季生存，秋季年轻的南极磷虾必须在秋天饮食高质量。但是，南极某些地区的变暖正在改变极地食品网的动态和质量，从而导致秋季Young Krill可用的食物类型发生了变化。目前尚不清楚这些动态变化如何影响磷虾在冬季生存的能力。该项目旨在填补当前知识的重要差距，这是1岁的少年少年少年生命周期的研究阶段。这项工作得出的结果将有助于改善生物能，人口和生态系统模型的发展，并将进步对这种关键南极物种的当前科学理解。该职业项目的核心教育和外展目标旨在增强教育和增加STEM领域的多样性。将开发一门本科课程，该课程将以学生的研究和写作方式整合，从而促进学生对原始研究数据的真实科学探究和分析，从而提高他们的沟通能力。将开发一门研究生课程，该课程将促进学生将自己的研究传达给非科学受众的技能。 研究生将通过拟议的研究得到支持，并将获得宝贵的研究经验。传统上服务不足的本科生将在大型项目的保护下招募独立研究。在每个实地季节中，研究团队都将维护一个每周的博客，其中包括简短的视频，照片和文本，以突出研究，以及他们在南极洲生活和工作的经验。博客的目的是吸引公众，提高对南极生态系统的认识和理解，以及变暖的影响，以及研究和发现的科学过程。在这个5年的职业生涯项目中，研究人员将使用经验和理论技术的结合来评估饮食对1年旧磷虾的影响在大型周围冬季。这项研究以四个假设为中心：（H1）秋季饮食在冬季开始时影响了1岁的磷虾生理和状况； （H2）秋季饮食对可变的冬季食物条件下对1岁磷虾的冬季生理和状况有影响； （H3）生理学的变化率和从秋天到冬季的1岁磷虾的状况取决于秋季饮食； （H4）1岁磷虾的冬季能量预算在几年之间会有所不同，并且将取决于秋季饮食。长期的喂养实验和原位采样将用于衡量磷虾在饮食和喂养环境中的生理和状况的变化。经验衍生的数据将用于开发生长速率和能源预算的理论模型，以确定饮食将如何影响1岁磷虾的越冬生存。这项研究将与教育和外展计划集成，以（1）发展吸引人的本科和研究生课程，（2）培训和开发极地研究职业的年轻科学家，以及（3）参与公众并提高他们的认识和理解。这项奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并通过评估基础的智力效果和广泛的范围来评估支持，并以评估的评估值得评估。

项目成果

The energetic cost of early reproductive development in juvenile Antarctic krill at the Western Antarctic Peninsula

南极西部半岛南极磷虾幼体早期生殖发育的能量消耗

• DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2022.1009385
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Frontiers in Marine Science
• 影响因子: 3.7
• 作者: Steinke, Kirsten B.;Bernard, Kim S.;Fontana, Julia M.;Copeman, Louise A.;Garcia, Lani M.
• 通讯作者: Garcia, Lani M.

Winter condition, physiology, and growth potential of juvenile Antarctic krill

• DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2022.990853
• 发表时间: 2022-09-23
• 期刊: FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
• 影响因子: 3.7
• 作者: Bernard, Kim S.;Steinke, Kirsten B.;Fontana, Julia M.
• 通讯作者: Fontana, Julia M.