CAREER: Inclusive Privacy: Effective Privacy Management for People with Visual Impairments

职业：包容性隐私：针对视力障碍人士的有效隐私管理

• 批准号: 1652497
• 负责人: Yang Wang
• 金额: $ 49.79万
• 依托单位: Syracuse University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-06-01 至 2020-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1652497&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CAREER; Inclusive; Privacy; Effective; Management

This project aims to provide people with disabilities, particularly those with visual impairments, better privacy tools when working with computers. Although information privacy is a concern for everyone, common tools such as spam-detecting captchas, password strength meters, security alert messages, and browser icons that indicate secure connections are often designed without considering people with visual impairments and thus are hard for this group to use. Meanwhile, common workarounds such as audio screen readers and requests for help from other people come with their own privacy risks. To better understand the privacy challenges people with visual impairments face, the researchers will first study their use of and known privacy concerns around technologies. They will then work with people with visual impairments to generate, test, and improve a number of design ideas that might address those challenges and concerns. Finally, they will work to generalize the studies and designs to other populations, including older adults who might have different privacy expectations than younger people as well as people with cognitive impairments. The research will lead to a better understanding of privacy needs across the population, as well as "inclusive" designs for privacy management tools that can be better not just for underserved populations but for all people. To spread the knowledge and increase the impact of the work, the team will hold workshops at relevant research communities and with local disability groups, as well as develop course materials on inclusive and accessible privacy for the Security Education (SEED) labs program that is widely used in education. The research is organized around three main phases. The first phase aims to learn more about the privacy needs of people with visual impairments through a combination of longitudinal diary studies, in which people record and answer questions about incidents where they felt their privacy was at risk, and observational studies of people with visual impairments and their help givers using technology in context. The second phase looks to develop better privacy support tools; the team will focus first on privacy threat reminders and tools for privacy-respecting collaborative use as these are key issues that arose in preliminary work, but will also develop tools in response to the concerns identified in the first phase. In each design activity, the researchers will use a participatory design approach that includes people with visual impairments (and when appropriate their help givers) on the design team, working together at both local disability support centers and at the research lab. Designs will follow a standard iterative process, starting with initial requirements generation and review, moving through brainstorming and low-fidelity prototypes, and finally developing and testing high-fidelity prototypes. The third phase involves using the results from the first two phases to generate guidelines for inclusive privacy design -- that is, general privacy guidelines that may apply to a wide range of user populations with varying abilities. To do this, the team will conduct research similar to phase one, but with groups of older adults, people with cognitive impairments, and a group of younger people without disabilities; they will also test the privacy tools generated in phase two with these groups to both identify new issues that arise in these populations and modify the tools to be more broadly inclusive.

该项目旨在为残疾人，尤其是那些视觉障碍的人提供使用计算机时更好的隐私工具。 尽管信息隐私是每个人都关注的，但是诸如垃圾邮件检测验证码，密码强度计，安全警报消息和浏览器图标之类的常见工具通常在不考虑视觉障碍的人的情况下设计安全连接，因此该组很难使该组很难使用。 同时，诸如音频屏幕读取器和其他人的帮助之类的常见解决方案具有自己的隐私风险。 为了更好地理解视觉障碍者面临的隐私挑战，研究人员将首先研究他们对技术的使用和已知的隐私问题。 然后，他们将与有视觉障碍的人合作，以生成，测试和改进许多可能应对这些挑战和关注点的设计思想。 最后，他们将努力将研究和设计概括为其他人群，包括可能与年轻人以及认知障碍的人不同的老年人。 这项研究将使人们对整个人群的隐私需求有更好的了解，以及对隐私管理工具的“包容性”设计，不仅对服务不足的人群，而且对所有人都可以更好。 为了传播知识并增加工作的影响，团队将在相关研究社区和当地残疾人组举办研讨会，并开发有关安全教育（SEED）实验室计划的包容性和可访问隐私计划的课程材料，该计划广泛广泛用于教育。该研究围绕三个主要阶段进行。 第一阶段旨在通过纵向日记研究的结合来了解有关视觉障碍者的隐私需求的更多信息，在这些研究中，人们记录并回答有关事件的问题，他们认为自己的隐私处于危险之中，并对有视觉障碍的人进行观察性研究以及他们在上下文中使用技术的帮助。 第二阶段旨在开发更好的隐私支持工具；该团队将首先关注隐私威胁提醒和工具，以探索隐私的协作使用，因为这些是初步工作中出现的关键问题，但也将开发工具，以应对第一阶段确定的问题。 在每项设计活动中，研究人员将使用一种参与式设计方法，其中包括在设计团队上有视觉障碍的人（以及适当的帮助者），在当地残疾人支持中心和研究实验室共同努力。 设计将遵循标准的迭代过程，从初始需求生成和审查，通过头脑风暴和低保真原型开始，最后开发和测试高保真原型。 第三阶段涉及使用前两个阶段的结果来生成包容性隐私设计指南 - 也就是说，可能适用于具有不同能力的广泛用户群体的一般隐私准则。 为此，团队将进行类似于第一阶段的研究，但是有一群老年人，认知障碍的人以及一群没有残疾的年轻人；他们还将测试第二阶段与这些组生成的隐私工具，以确定这些人群中出现的新问题，并修改工具以更广泛的包容性。

项目成果

Inclusive Security and Privacy

包容性安全和隐私

• DOI: 10.1109/msp.2018.3111237
• 发表时间: 2018
• 期刊: IEEE Security & Privacy
• 影响因子: 1.9
• 作者: Wang, Yang

Cooperative privacy and security: learning from people with visual impairments and their allies

合作隐私和安全：向视力障碍者及其盟友学习

• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Proceedings of the Fifteenth USENIX Conference on Usable Privacy and Security
• 作者: Hayes, Jordan;Kaushik, Smirity;Price, Charlotte;Wang, Yang
• 通讯作者: Wang, Yang