Collaborative Research: Expanded Correlative Dynamics and Meteor Studies Using the Southern Argentina Agile MEteor Radar

合作研究：使用阿根廷南部敏捷流星雷达扩展相关动力学和流星研究

• 批准号: 1647354
• 负责人: David Fritts
• 金额: $ 52.5万
• 依托单位: GLOBAL ATMOSPHERIC TECHNOLOGIES AND SCIENCES, INC.
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-09-01 至 2022-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1647354&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Expanded; Correlative; Dynamics

The research for this award would renew the support for the ongoing operations of the Southern Argentina Agile MEteor Radar (SAAMER) system but with diverse and significantly expanded research applications using data from two new correlative instruments to be installed by research colleagues from two other institutions (Boston University and Institute for Atmospheric Physics, Germany). SAAMER was installed on Tierra del Fuego (TdF) to observe the large-scale dynamics within the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) in the altitude range of 75 to 95 km. This height range is where the semidiurnal tide and various planetary waves have a range of diverse effects. This location is within a latitude band where these motions have large responses, but also where the existing MLT database of winds and temperatures is quite sparse. The SAAMER location on TdF was also motivated by the occurrence of the major 'hotspot' of gravity wave (GW) activity on Earth centered over the Southern Andes, Drake Passage, and Antarctic Peninsula. This hotspot is due to the major GW sources in this region, which include high mountains, strong jet streams, and the passage of vigorous frontal systems. These sources yield large GW events and significant MLT momentum fluxes (MF). Strong interactions of GW structures with the larger-scale motions in the MLT region are to be expected, and SAAMER results to date confirm expectations that the fluxes in this region would be very large. This work has also revealed an ability to characterize meteor head echoes, non-specular meteor trails, and meteor radiants observed in routine measurement modes. The new SAAMER studies would be more comprehensive than before due to correlative airglow imaging as well as new local Rayleigh lidar and multi-receiver radar measurements combined with the use of satellite observations by SABER on TIMED and CIPS on AIM for large- and small-scale dynamics studies. These multi-instrument studies will enable quantification of the important small-scale GWs (and MFs) having wavelengths ëh~20-100 km that are challenging to quantify without such correlative measurements. MLT dynamical studies, especially in regard to the quantification of GW dynamics, momentum transport and its deposition, are central needs in defining more accurate parameterizations of these dynamics in global research, weather prediction, and climate models addressing broad societal needs. Measurements of large-scale dynamics likewise serve to constrain models of these dynamics, especially at high southern latitudes. Meteoroid trajectory studies may provide clues to potential meteor impact risks. SAAMER is also an educational and training tool through various NSF programs devoted to promoting international collaborative activities between U.S. and S. American researchers and students, including extensive exchanges between the U.S., Argentina, and Brazil to date.The research award to the PI would address MLT dynamics, meteors, and microphysics with focus upon the following questions:1) Continued Large-scale dynamics studies of mean winds, tides, and PWs and their structure, interactions, and inter-hemispheric and inter-annual variability;2) Further quantification of momentum fluxes by small-scale GWs employing SAAMER, the BU all-sky imager, and the IAP Rayleigh lidar, with exploration of GW sources and their propagation characteristics combined with the study of possible development of secondary GW generation, and influences by mean winds, tides, and PWs;3) Further characterization of the meteoroid population, velocities, trajectories, diurnal, seasonal, and global variability of meteor rates, and the meteoric mass flux into the MLT; and4) Routine measurements of meteor head echoes and non-specular trails and PMSE allowing studies addressing meteor ablation and PMSE microphysics.

该奖项的研究将恢复对阿根廷南部敏捷流星雷达（Saamer）系统正在进行的运营的支持，但使用潜水员和大量扩展的研究应用程序，使用来自两个新的相关工具的数据由其他两个研究同事安装的其他机构（波士顿大学和德国大气物理学学院）安装。 Saamer安装在Tierra del Fuego（TDF）上，以观察75至95 km的高度范围内的中层和下热层（MLT）内的大规模动力学。该高度范围是半任潮汐和各种行星波具有一系列潜水员效应的地方。该位置在纬度频段内，这些动作的响应很大，但现有的MLT数据库的风和温度非常稀疏。 TDF上的Saamer位置也是由于重力波（GW）的主要“热点”的激励，该地球上的重力波（GW）活性以安第斯山脉南部，德雷克通道和南极半岛为中心。该热点是由于该地区的主要GW来源，其中包括高山，强烈的喷气流以及剧烈的额叶系统的通过。这些来源产生了大型GW事件和明显的MLT动量通量（MF）。 GW结构与MLT区域的大规模动作的强烈相互作用是可以预期的，迄今为止，Saamer的结果证实了预期该区域的通量将非常大。这项工作还揭示了能够表征流星头回声，非特定的流星径和流星辐射在常规测量模式下观察到的能力。由于相关的气流成像以及新的本地雷利激光雷达和多接收器雷达测量结果，与以前相比，新的Saamer研究将比以前更全面，并结合了SABER对卫星观测的使用，而SABER在定时和CIP上使用卫星观测到大型和小型动力学研究。这些多仪器的研究将实现具有波长的重要小型GWS（和MFS）范围的重要小规模GWS（和MFS），这些波长〜20-100 km，在没有此类相应测量的情况下，挑战了要量化的挑战。 MLT动态研究，尤其是关于GW动态，动量传输及其沉积的量化，是定义全球研究，天气预测和气候模型在满足广泛社会需求的全球动态参数方面的核心需求。大规模动力学的测量同样可以限制这些动力学的模型，尤其是在高纬度地区。流星轨迹研究可能为潜在的流星影响风险提供线索。 Saamer也是通过各种NSF计划，致力于促进美国和S.美国研究人员和学生之间的国际协作活动，包括美国，阿根廷和巴西之间的大量交流。PI的研究奖将涉及MLT动态，流星和微观物理学，重点是以下问题：1）含义大型研究，其中的大型研究，依此类别， and inter-hemispheric and inter-annual variability;2) Further Quantification of momentum fluxes by small-scale GWs employing SAAMER, the BU all-sky imager, and the IAP Rayleigh lidar, with exploration of GW sources and their propagation characteristics combined with the study of possible development of secondary GW generation, and influences by mean winds, tides, and PWs;3) Further characterization of the meteoroid流星率的人口，速度，轨迹，昼夜，季节性和全球变异性以及流星质量通量进入MLT；和4）流星头部的常规测量值回声和非特定步道和PMSE，允许研究流星消融和PMSE微物理学。

项目成果

Self‐Acceleration and Instability of Gravity Wave Packets: 3. Three‐Dimensional Packet Propagation, Secondary Gravity Waves, Momentum Transport, and Transient Mean Forcing in Tidal Winds

• DOI: 10.1029/2019jd030692
• 发表时间: 2020-02
• 期刊: Journal of Geophysical Research. Atmospheres
• 作者: D. Fritts;W. Dong;T. Lund;Scott A. Wieland;B. Laughman

Mesospheric Mountain Wave Activity in the Lee of the Southern Andes

• DOI: 10.1029/2020jd033268
• 发表时间: 2020-06
• 期刊: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
• 作者: P. Pautet;M. Taylor;D. Fritts;D. Janches;N. Kaifler;A. Dörnbrack;J. Hormaechea

Numerical simulation of mountain waves over the southern Andes, Part 2: Momentum fluxes and wave/mean-flow interactions

安第斯山脉南部山地波浪的数值模拟，第 2 部分：动量通量和波浪/平均流量相互作用

• DOI: 10.1175/jas-d-20-0207.1
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
• 影响因子: 3.1
• 作者: Fritts, David C.;Lund, Thomas S.;Wan, Kam;Liu, Han-Li
• 通讯作者: Liu, Han-Li

Observation of the A Carinid Meteor Shower 2020 Unexpected Outburst

2020 年卡琳流星雨意外爆发的观测

• DOI: 10.3847/psj/abe9af
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: The Planetary Science Journal
• 作者: Bruzzone, Juan Sebastian;Weryk, Robert J.;Janches, Diego;Baumann, Carsten;Stober, Gunter;Hormaechea, Jose Luis
• 通讯作者: Hormaechea, Jose Luis

Wind Variations in the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere Near 60°S Latitude During the 2019 Antarctic Sudden Stratospheric Warming

• DOI: 10.1029/2020ja028909
• 发表时间: 2021-04
• 期刊: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics
• 作者: Guiping Liu;D. Janches;R. Lieberman;T. Moffat‐Griffin;N. Mitchell;Jeong‐han Kim;Changsup Lee