IBSS-L: Inequity Aversion, Individual Decision Making, and the Emergence of Collective Behavior

IBSS-L：不平等厌恶、个人决策和集体行为的出现

基本信息

批准号：
1620391
负责人：
Sarah Brosnan
金额：
$ 90万
依托单位：
University of California-Davis
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2016
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2016-09-01 至 2021-06-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1620391&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
IBSS Inequity Aversion Individual Decision

项目摘要

This interdisciplinary research project will examine how large-scale cooperation is maintained de-spite the negative impacts that inequitable outcomes have on cooperation. This project will bring together researchers with experience in behavioral and experimental economics and psychology, biological anthropology, collective animal behavior, and evolutionary biology and ecology to enhance understanding of the interplay between inequity and cooperation in large-scale cooperation in human and closely related societies. The project will bridge the traditional boundaries of these disciplines by bringing a stronger focus on behavioral mechanisms to questions traditionally asked by biological anthropologists and by calling the attention of behavioral economists to the importance of ecological and evolutionary context in studies of decision making. The project will provide an exciting education and training opportunity for a post-doctoral researcher and for a number of undergraduate students. The investigators also will work with Untamed Science, a scientist-run company that makes online media content for teachers and students, to develop materials that can share information about the project with a broad range of K-12 students.Humans routinely participate in interactions in which one individual receives more than another, such as when one individual is paid more than another for completing the same job. People tend to react negatively in such situations, with detrimental consequences for their relationship with their partner. How are high levels of cooperation maintained in human societies, given that our aversion to "unfair" outcomes can impede joint action? On the one hand, responding negatively to inequity likely provides an individual advantage. Over the long term, people who respond to such disparities by finding new cooperation partners do relatively better than those that do not. But being too sensitive to such disparities may impede large-scale cooperation at the group level. Given the foundational role of cooperation in human society, understanding how responses to inequity shape decision-making in the context of cooperation is particularly important. Prior research on this topic usually has focused on the interactions between two individuals divorced from their larger social context, so it has not been possible to investigate how these pair-wise interactions shape patterns of group-level behavior. Ethical considerations, privacy concerns, and logistical limitations also have made it difficult to envision conducting the necessary experiments in human social groups. To overcome these obstacles, this project will consist of experiments that study capuchin monkeys (Cebus paella) as a model system for investigating how social context shapes the expression of inequity aversion and the achievement of collective goals in both captive and naturally occurring social groups. Capuchin monkeys provide valuable and appropriate insights because they have extraordinarily large brain-to-body and neocortex-to-body ratios, they are highly cooperative in a variety of different contexts, and they share humans' aversion to inequitable outcomes. The experiments conducted as part of this project investigate how social context shapes the expression of inequity aversion in both socially and ecologically relevant contexts, and they will test how a predisposition to respond negatively to "unfair" outcomes impacts collective behavior. The experiments will employ novel experimental feeders that remove any influence from human experimenters in order to study individual and group behavior in the complex environment of intact social groups. This project is supported through the NSF Interdisciplinary Behavioral and Social Sciences Research (IBSS) competition.

这个跨学科研究项目将研究如何维持大规模合作，从而使不平等结果对合作产生的负面影响。该项目将汇集研究人员在行为和实验经济学和心理学，生物人类学，集体动物行为以及进化生物学和生态学方面的经验，以增强对人类和密切相关社会的大规模合作中不平等与合作之间的相互作用的理解。该项目将通过将对行为机制的更加专注于生物人类学家传统上提出的问题，并呼吁行为经济学家对生态和进化论的重要性在决策研究中的重要性来弥合这些学科的传统界限。该项目将为博士后研究人员和许多本科生提供令人兴奋的教育和培训机会。研究人员还将与一家科学家Untamed Science合作，该公司为教师和学生提供在线媒体内容，以开发可以与广泛的K-12学生共享有关该项目的信息的材料。人类通常会参与一个人比另一个人获得更多的互动，例如，一个人比另一个人付费更多地完成同一工作。人们倾向于在这种情况下做出负面反应，对与伴侣的关系造成不利的后果。鉴于我们对“不公平”成果的厌恶会阻碍联合行动的厌恶，在人类社会中如何维持高水平的合作？一方面，对不平等的反应可能会带来个人优势。从长远来看，通过寻找新的合作伙伴来应对这种差异的人们比没有回应的人相对较好。但是对这种差异太敏感可能会阻碍小组级别的大规模合作。鉴于合作在人类社会中的基本作用，了解合作背景下对不平等的决策的反应尤为重要。对该主题的先前研究通常集中在两个人与更大的社会环境背离的人之间的互动，因此不可能研究这些成对的互动如何影响群体级别行为的模式。道德考虑，隐私问题和后勤局限性也使人们难以设想在人类社会群体中进行必要的实验。为了克服这些障碍，该项目将包括研究卷尾猴（Cebus opaella）作为一种模型系统，用于研究社会环境如何塑造不平等厌恶的表达以及在圈养和自然发生的社会群体中的集体目标实现。卷尾猴提供了有价值且适当的见解，因为它们具有非常大的脑对身体和新皮层与身体比率，它们在各种不同的情况下都高度合作，并且它们对人类对不平等成果的厌恶。作为本项目的一部分进行的实验如何在社会和生态相关的环境中塑造不平等厌恶的表达，它们将测试如何对“不公平”结果产生负面反应的倾向会影响集体行为。实验将采用新型的实验馈线，以消除人类实验者的任何影响，以研究完整社会群体的复杂环境中的个人和群体行为。 NSF跨学科的行为和社会科学研究（IBSS）竞争得到了支持。