Molecular Mechanisms of Stomatal Carbon Dioxide Signal Transduction in Plants

植物气孔二氧化碳信号转导的分子机制

• 批准号: 1616236
• 负责人: Julian Schroeder
• 金额: $ 71.3万
• 依托单位: University of California-San Diego
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-07-01 至 2019-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1616236&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Molecular; Mechanisms; Stomatal; Carbon; Dioxide

Specialized pores (called stomata) in the leaves of plants open and close to regulate the uptake into plants of carbon dioxide from the air, and the loss of water (as vapor) from plant tissues out into the air. The opening and closing of stomata is regulated by signals that include the concentration of carbon dioxide in the air, but knowledge of how this is achieved is incomplete. This project will define the genes, proteins and networks of control involved in the regulation of stomata by carbon dioxide, and develop the knowledge necessary for the breeding of plants with improved growth properties and water use efficiency. The ability to manipulate these properties of plants is important for unfavorable weather conditions, climate changes, droughts becoming more frequent in some locations, and as carbon dioxide levels in the air increase. The investigators will pursue an outreach program involving research internships, professional preparation and mentoring with the public Preuss School for disadvantaged high school students in San Diego County as well as engaging with summer research interns from Howard University. Project personnel will be active within the San Diego Science Festival, a large annual event that brings science and innovation close to the public.Some components (including carbonic anhydrase, anion channels and protein kinases) of the carbon dioxide signaling network that regulates stomatal aperture are known. However, the manner in which diverse signals, genes and proteins (a number of which are still to be uncovered) are integrated by guard cells into the network that controls stomatal aperture is not known. This project will use a combination of systems biology, biochemical, genetic and mathematical modeling approaches to identify additional critical molecular components of the signaling network and gain insight into the manner in which this network operates in guard cells to regulate stomatal aperture and how plants can improve their water use efficiency and drought resilience.This award is supported jointly by the Cellular Dynamics and Function program in the Division of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences and by the Physics of Living Systems program in the Division of Physics.

植物叶片中的专门毛孔（称为气孔）开放和靠近，以调节空气中的二氧化碳植物的吸收，而从植物组织中流失的水（如蒸气）流向空气。气孔的开口和关闭受信号的调节，这些信号包括空气中二氧化碳的浓度，但是了解如何实现这是不完整的。该项目将定义二氧化碳调节气孔的基因，蛋白质和控制网络，并开发具有改善生长特性和用水效率的植物繁殖所需的知识。操纵植物特性的能力对于不利的天气条件，气候变化，干旱在某些地方变得越来越频繁，并且随着空气中二氧化碳水平的增加。调查人员将遵循一项涉及研究实习，专业准备和指导的外展计划，并在圣地亚哥县的弱势中学生中，并与霍华德大学的夏季研究实习生互动。项目人员将活跃于圣地亚哥科学节上，这是一项大型年度活动，将科学和创新带到公众附近。二氧化碳信号网络的某些组件（包括碳酸酐酶，阴离子通道和蛋白激酶）已知，以调节气孔的气孔。但是，尚不清楚控制气孔孔的不同信号，基因和蛋白质（仍将发现的许多信号，基因和蛋白质（仍将被发现）的方式。该项目将使用系统生物学，生化，遗传和数学建模方法的结合来识别信号网络的其他关键分子组成部分，并深入了解该网络在警卫细胞中运作的方式，以调节植物的植物来调节植物，如何通过型号和干燥的弹性来改善型号和干旱的元素和摩擦性的摩擦，并逐渐发挥作用。物理学部的生物系统计划。