CO2 Signal Transduction in Plants

植物中的二氧化碳信号转导

• 批准号: 0918220
• 负责人: Julian Schroeder
• 金额: $ 79.28万
• 依托单位: University of California-San Diego
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-08-01 至 2014-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0918220&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CO2; Signal; Transduction; Plants

Stomata are the pores on the surface of leaves that 1) regulate the diffusion of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere into leaves for photosynthetic carbon fixation and 2) control the transpirational water loss of plants. Guard cells sense carbon dioxide concentration, water status, light and other environmental stimuli and integrate these to regulate stomatal apertures for optimization of carbon dioxide influx into plants, water loss and plant growth under diverse conditions. For example, elevated carbon dioxide concentrations in leaves cause stomatal closure, whereas reduced carbon dioxide concentrations result in stomatal opening. The concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide is predicted to double within the present century: carbon dioxide at these increased levels is known to reduce the stomatal apertures of various plant species by up to 40%. This will have profound effects on global gas exchange between plants and the atmosphere and the efficiency of plant water use. However, relatively little is known about the molecular signal transduction mechanisms that mediate carbon dioxide-induced stomatal movements. Using the model plant Arabidopsis, the PI has shown that knock-out mutants in genes encoding carbonic anhydrase show an impaired carbon dioxide-induced stomatal movement response. The hypothesis that these proteins function in early carbon dioxide control of gas exchange regulation will be investigated. In this project, the genetic, molecular, cellular and physiological mechanisms by which these proteins mediate the stomatal response to carbon dioxide concentrations will be characterized.Broader Impacts: The P.I. will pursue outreach efforts through public forums and through research and career training and preparation of high school students and undergraduate students. Underrepresented minority students will be trained to pursue supervised independent research projects. In addition the P.I. is training and preparing post doctoral and graduate scientists for advanced independent careers in research, technology and science education. Understanding the molecular mechanisms by which carbon dioxide modulates stomatal conductance is fundamental to understanding the regulation of gas exchange between plants and the atmosphere, will help to predict effects of atmospheric carbon dioxide elevation on plants, and may also contribute to future engineering of water use efficiency or leaf heat stress avoidance in crop plants and plant carbon sinks in the face of the continuing atmospheric carbon dioxide rise and climate change.

气孔是叶子表面上的孔，1）调节二氧化碳从大气中的扩散到叶子中，以进行光合碳固定，2）控制植物的蒸腾水损失。警卫细胞感知二氧化碳浓度，水状态，光和其他环境刺激，并整合它们以调节气孔孔，以优化二氧化碳流入植物，水分流失和植物在不同条件下的生长。例如，叶片中二氧化碳浓度升高会导致气孔闭合，而降低的二氧化碳浓度会导致气孔开口。预计在本世纪，大气二氧化碳的浓度将两倍：众所周知，二氧化碳在这些增加的水平上可将各种植物物种的气孔孔径降低多达40％。这将对植物与大气之间的全球气体交换以及植物用水的效率产生深远影响。但是，关于介导二氧化碳诱导的气孔运动的分子信号转导机制的了解相对较少。使用模型植物拟南芥，PI表明，编码碳酸酐酶的基因中的敲除突变体显示出二氧化碳诱导的气孔运动反应受损。将研究这些蛋白质在早期二氧化碳控制气体交换调节中的假设。在这个项目中，将表征这些蛋白质介导对二氧化碳浓度的气孔反应的遗传，分子，细胞和生理机制。将通过公共论坛，研究和职业培训以及高中生和本科生的准备进行宣传工作。代表人数不足的少数民族学生将接受培训以从事监督的独立研究项目。此外正在培训和准备研究，技术和科学教育领域高级独立职业的博士和研究生科学家。 Understanding the molecular mechanisms by which carbon dioxide modulates stomatal conductance is fundamental to understanding the regulation of gas exchange between plants and the atmosphere, will help to predict effects of atmospheric carbon dioxide elevation on plants, and may also contribute to future engineering of water use efficiency or leaf heat stress avoidance in crop plants and plant carbon sinks in the face of the continuing atmospheric carbon dioxide rise and climate change.