Collaborative Research: An Exploration of the Direct and Indirect Effects of Climatic Warming on Arctic Lake Ecosystems

合作研究：探索气候变暖对北极湖泊生态系统的直接和间接影响

• 批准号: 1603214
• 负责人: Anne Giblin
• 金额: $ 18.73万
• 依托单位: Marine Biological Laboratory
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-07-15 至 2022-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1603214&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Exploration; Direct; Indirect

Arctic ecosystems are warming at some of the fastest rates observed on earth. In particular, Arctic lakes are experiencing more frequent years of warmer and deeper surface water. However, the ability to detect and quantify ecosystem effects and specific biological responses to these climatic changes has been primarily limited to non-mechanistic modeled scenarios and observational studies in uncontrolled environments. These lakes provide subsistence harvest for native communities in the Arctic and it is important to understand how the level of sustainable harvests might change under scenarios of continued warming. This project will manipulate the temperature regime of selected Arctic lakes, observe the consequent changes of the lake ecosystem, and model these. This project will contribute to STEM workforce development through provision of support for the training of graduate students at two institutions. It will also entrain undergraduate students into the research. Through a collaboration with the US Fish and Wildlife Service, the principal investigators will provide outreach to Iñupiat high school students via the Kaktovik Science Camp and to Iñupiat K-12 students via the Arctic Village Science Camp Goonzhii. They will contribute to the management of natural resources by presentations through established collaborations with the US Fish and Wildlife Service and the Alaska Department of Fish and Game, as well as through an interactive seminar series with local communities, e.g. the North Slope Borough of Alaska.This project will complete a multi-year, whole-lake warming manipulation, to quantify the effects of future climate change on lake ecosystems in the Arctic. In addition, regional climate and lake models will be coupled with biotic responses to better understand the sensitivity of lakes to changing atmospheric conditions. The project is designed to answer: How will warmer lake temperatures and extended growing season alter (1) lake ice coverage and annual thermal regime; (2) abundance, activity, and diversity of primary and secondary producers; (3) fish vital rates, production, and dynamics; and (4) degree of carry-over across growing seasons and cumulative effects. Experimental results will be combined with long-term, archived data to inform a linked modeling system (coupled lake-climate model and integrated physical, climate, biological, and bioenergetic modeling) to answer: How will warmer lake temperatures and an extended growing season alter: (1) lake thermal regimes at regional scales, and (2) fish populations across lake types of the Arctic. This research will quantify lake thermal processes and lake-atmosphere feedbacks, provide more precise projections of lake horizontal and vertical temperature structures, and document and project lake biota and ecosystem responses to changes in lake thermal condition over large spatial scales and under different climate scenarios.

北极生态系统正在以地球上观察到的一些最快的速度变暖。尤其是，北极湖泊经历了更频繁的多年温暖和更深的地表水。但是，检测和量化生态系统效应和对这些气候变化的特定生物学反应的能力主要限于非机械建模的场景和观察性研究。这些湖泊为北极本土社区提供了生存收获，重要的是要了解在继续变暖的情况下，可持续收成的水平可能会发生变化。该项目将操纵选定的北极湖泊的温度状态，观察到湖泊生态系统的随之变化，并对其进行建模。该项目将通过为两个机构的研究生提供支持，从而为STEM劳动力发展做出贡献。它还将进入本科生进入研究。通过与美国鱼类和野生动物服务局的合作，首席调查人员将通过Kaktovik科学训练营向Iñupiat高中学生提供宣传，并通过北极乡村科学训练营Goonzhii向IñupiatK-12学生提供宣传。他们将通过与美国鱼类和野生动物服务局以及阿拉斯加鱼类与游戏部的建立合作以及通过与当地社区的互动式开创性系列来为自然资源的管理做出贡献，例如阿拉斯加的北坡自治市镇。该项目将完成多年的全湖变暖操作，以量化未来气候变化对北极湖生态系统的影响。此外，区域气候和湖泊模型将与生物反应相结合，以更好地了解湖泊对不断变化的大气条件的敏感性。该项目旨在回答：温暖的湖泊温度和延长生长季节将如何变化（1）湖冰覆盖范围和年度热度制度； （2）主要和次要生产者的抽象，活性和多样性； （3）鱼类的生命率，生产和动态； （4）结转生长季节和累积影响的程度。实验结果将与长期存档的数据相结合，以告知连接的建模系统（耦合的湖泊气候模型和综合物理，气候，生物学和生物能建模），以回答：回答：较温暖的湖泊温度和较长的生长季节如何变化：（1）区域尺度上的湖泊热力体系，以及（2）跨区域的湖泊，以及（2）遍布湖泊的湖泊类型。这项研究将量化湖泊热过程和湖泊 - 大气反馈，提供更精确的水平和垂直温度结构的项目，并在大型空间尺度以及不同的气候场景下进行文献和生态系统对湖泊热条件变化的湖泊和生态系统的反应。

项目成果

Nutrient Enrichment Alters Salt Marsh Fungal Communities and Promotes Putative Fungal Denitrifiers

• DOI: 10.1007/s00248-018-1223-z
• 发表时间: 2018-07
• 期刊: Microbial Ecology
• 影响因子: 3.6
• 作者: P. Kearns;Ashley N. Bulseco-McKim;H. Hoyt;J. Angell;J. Bowen