LTER-Plum Island Ecosystems: Dynamics of coastal ecosystems in a region of rapid climate change, sea-level rise, and human impacts

LTER-普拉姆岛生态系统：气候快速变化、海平面上升和人类影响地区沿海生态系统的动态

• 批准号: 1637630
• 负责人: Anne Giblin
• 金额: $ 676.15万
• 依托单位: Marine Biological Laboratory
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-10-01 至 2023-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1637630&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: LTER; Plum; Island; Ecosystems; Dynamics

The Plum Island Ecosystems (PIE) LTER (Long Term Ecological Research) site is developing a predictive understanding of the response of a linked watershed-marsh-estuarine system in northeastern Massachusetts to rapid environmental change. Over the last 30 years, surface sea water temperatures in the adjacent Gulf of Maine have risen at 3 times the global average, rates of sea-level rise have accelerated, and precipitation has increased. Coupled with these changes in climate and sea level are substantial changes within the rapidly urbanizing watersheds that influence water, sediment, and nutrient delivery to the marsh and estuary. In PIE IV the research focus is on: Dynamics of coastal ecosystems in a region of rapid climate change, sea-level rise, and human impacts. This work will advance our understanding of how the structure and function of coastal ecosystems will be altered over the next several decades and beyond. Because of their position at the land-sea interface, coastal ecosystems are particularly threatened by human activities in watersheds and to sea-level rise. PIE research will address both fundamental ecological questions as well as provide critical information on how to manage these systems. For example, it will help us understand how species changes in a complex interaction network result in changes to the abundance of key species, food web structure, and energy flow. PIE research will also improve our understanding of the importance of the coastal zone to regional and global carbon and nitrogen budgets and advance our ability to model biogeochemistry at the ecosystem scale in a spatially explicit framework. Finally, it will provide a greater mechanistic understanding of biogeomorphic feedbacks that will be essential in future conservation efforts. The investigators will continue their award winning Schoolyard program, "Salt Marsh Science", which serves over 1,000 students in grades 5-12 in ten schools each year. In collaboration with the Gulf of Maine Institute PIE LTER is developing a new initiative with local Middlesex Community College. By providing flexible paid internships with academic credit, PIE will be able to reach students from economically and ethnically diverse backgrounds who might not otherwise consider STEM careers. Outreach is important to PIE scientists. Activities include scientific collaborations outside PIE and with local, state and federal agencies, involvement in the Marine Biological Laboratory science journalism program, and partnership with Mass Coastal Zone Management in conducting marsh elevation surveys. PIE scientists currently serve on panels or advisory groups for US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), and many state and local agencies. All data collected by the PIE LTER are centralized and made available to the public through a web site http://pie-lter.ecosystems.mbl.edu/.Researchers at PIE will test how internal feedbacks within the marsh-estuary ecosystem influence the response of geomorphology, biogeochemistry, and food webs to three major drivers: climate, sea-level rise, and human alteration of the watershed. They anticipate large changes in the geomorphology of the marsh and estuary over the next several decades. They hypothesize that major feedbacks are exerted through sediment dynamics, changes in hydrology, alterations of carbon and nitrogen cycles, species interactions, and species introduction or loss due to warming. Positive biogeomorphic feedbacks within the marsh ecosystem will likely contribute to marsh persistence while sea level rises, but they hypothesize that PIE is moving from a predominantly high-elevation marsh to a lower elevation marsh, with less overall wetland, more open water, and more marsh edge. These changes will greatly impact estuarine biogeochemistry, primary production, and community dynamics. PIE IV will address three questions: Q1) How will the geomorphic configuration of the marsh and estuary be altered by changes in the watershed, sea-level rise, climate change, and feedbacks internal to the coastal system?; Q2) How will changing climate, watershed inputs, and marsh geomorphology interact to alter marsh and estuarine primary production, organic matter storage, and nutrient cycling?; and Q3) How will key consumer dynamics and estuarine food webs be reshaped by changing environmental drivers, marsh-estuarine geomorphology and biogeochemistry? Cross-system comparisons with other LTERs along gradients of temperature, species composition, tidal range, and sediment supply will further our understanding of long-term change in coastal ecosystems.

Plum Island生态系统（PIE）LTER（长期生态研究）网站正在对马萨诸塞州东北部对快速环境变化的连接分水岭 - 玛斯 - 经家系统的响应进行预测理解。在过去的30年中，缅因州邻近湾的地表海水温度的增长是全球平均水平的3倍，海平面上升速度加速了，降水量增加。加上气候和海平面上的这些变化，是影响水，沉积物和养分向沼泽和河口的迅速城市化流域内的实质性变化。在IV派中，研究重点是：在快速气候变化，海平面上升和人类影响的地区，沿海生态系统的动态。这项工作将促进我们对未来几十年及以后的沿海生态系统的结构和功能的理解。由于它们在陆上界面的地位，沿海生态系统受到人类活动在流域和海平面上升的威胁。 PIE研究将解决基本的生态问题，并提供有关如何管理这些系统的关键信息。例如，它将有助于我们了解复杂相互作用网络中物种如何变化会导致关键物种，食物网络结构和能量流的丰富性变化。 PIE研究还将提高我们对沿海地区对区域和全球碳和氮预算的重要性的理解，并提高我们在生态系统规模上以空间明确的框架对生物地球化学建模的能力。最后，它将对生物晶状体形态反馈有了更大的机械理解，这对于将来的保护工作至关重要。调查人员将继续其屡获殊荣的校园计划“盐沼科”，该计划每年为1,000多名5至12年级的学生提供服务。与缅因州湾码头的合作，正在与当地的米德尔塞克斯社区学院制定一项新计划。通过为学分提供灵活的付费实习，PIE将能够吸引来自经济和种族不同背景的学生，这些背景可能不会考虑STEM职业。外展对派科学家很重要。活动包括派外部以及地方，州和联邦机构的科学合作，参与海洋生物实验室科学新闻业计划，以及与大众沿海地区管理的合作伙伴关系。 PIE科学家目前在美国环境保护署（EPA），国家海洋和大气管理局（NOAA），美国鱼类和野生动物服务局（USFWS）以及许多州和地方机构的面板或咨询小组中任职。 Pie lter收集的所有数据都是集中式的，并通过网站http://pie-lter.ecosystems.mbl.edu/..edu/..researcher在PIE的研究将测试沼泽地生态系统中的内部反馈如何影响地貌学，生物体过程和食物驾驶员的响应。他们预计在接下来的几十年中，沼泽和河口的地貌发生了很大变化。他们假设通过沉积物动态，水文学的变化，碳和氮循环的变化，物种相互作用以及由于变暖引起的物种引入或损失而发挥了主要反馈。沼泽生态系统内的积极的生物地球化反馈可能会导致沼泽的持久性，而海平面上升，但他们假设派正在从主要高海拔的沼泽转移到较低的海拔沼泽，较低的湿地，湿地较少，湿地，更开放的水和更多的沼泽地。这些变化将极大地影响河口生物地球化学，初级生产和社区动态。 PIE IV将解决三个问题：Q1）如何通过分水岭，海平面上升，气候变化和沿海系统内部的反馈来改变沼泽和河口的地貌配置？ Q2）如何改变气候，流域投入和沼泽地形态，以改变沼泽和河口初级生产，有机物存储和营养循环？和Q3）如何通过改变环境驱动因素，沼泽 - 经历的地貌和生物地球化学来重塑关键的消费者动态和河口食品网？跨系统与其他滴度的比较沿温度，物种成分，潮汐范围和沉积物供应的梯度将进一步了解我们对沿海生态系统的长期变化的理解。

项目成果

Hydro-morphodynamics triggered by extreme riverine floods in a mega fluvial-tidal delta

大型河流潮汐三角洲极端河流洪水引发的水流形态动力学

• DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152076
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Science of The Total Environment
• 影响因子: 9.8
• 作者: Wang, Jie;Dai, Zhijun;Fagherazzi, Sergio;Zhang, Xiaohe;Liu, Xiaoqiang
• 通讯作者: Liu, Xiaoqiang

The density of the Atlantic marsh fiddler crab (Minuca pugnax, Smith, 1870) (Decapoda: Brachyura: Ocypodidae) in its expanded range in the Gulf of Maine, USA

美国缅因湾大西洋沼泽招潮蟹（Minuca pugnax, Smith, 1870）（十足目：Brachura：Ocypodidae）在其扩展范围内的密度

• DOI: 10.1093/jcbiol/ruaa049
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Journal of Crustacean Biology
• 影响因子: 1.1
• 作者: Martínez-Soto, Kayla S;Johnson, David S
• 通讯作者: Johnson, David S

A climate migrant escapes its parasites

气候移民摆脱了寄生虫

• DOI: 10.3354/meps13278
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Marine Ecology Progress Series
• 影响因子: 2.5
• 作者: Johnson, DS;Shields, JD;Doucette, D;Heard, R
• 通讯作者: Heard, R

The Flow Matrix Offers a Straightforward Alternative to the Problematic Markov Matrix

• DOI: 10.3390/land12071471
• 发表时间: 2023-07-01
• 期刊: LAND
• 影响因子: 3.9
• 作者: Strzempko，Jessica;Pontius Jr，Robert Gilmore
• 通讯作者: Pontius Jr，Robert Gilmore

Four Fundamental Questions to Evaluate Land Change Models with an Illustration of a Cellular Automata–Markov Model

• DOI: 10.1080/24694452.2023.2232435
• 发表时间: 2023-08
• 期刊: Annals of the American Association of Geographers
• 影响因子: 3.9
• 作者: Cláudia M. Viana;R. Pontius;J. Rocha