LTER: Plum Island Ecosystems, the impact of changing landscapes and climate on interconnected coastal ecosystems

LTER：普拉姆岛生态系统，景观和气候变化对相互关联的沿海生态系统的影响

• 批准号: 2224608
• 负责人: Anne Giblin
• 金额: $ 765万
• 依托单位: Marine Biological Laboratory
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-10-01 至 2028-09-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2224608&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: LTER; Plum; Island; Ecosystems; impact

The Plum Island Ecosystems Long Term Ecological Research (PIE LTER) site consists of a linked watershed-marsh-estuarine system connected to the Gulf of Maine. The goal of the PIE LTER is to advance our predictive understanding of the long-term response of coupled land-marsh-estuary-ocean ecosystems to changes in three key drivers: climate, sea level and human activities. This research sheds light on how marshes are responding to sea-level rise and controls on carbon storage, or blue carbon, in marsh and estuarine ecosystems. To understand how nutrients and carbon from land influence the estuary and how marshes and estuaries contribute to oceanic carbon and nutrient budgets, the investigators are measuring the flows of carbon and nutrients across the watershed-to-ocean continuum. To understand how estuarine and marsh ecosystem food webs are changing with sea level rise and warming temperatures, the investigators are measuring changes in abundance of key species and analyzing the entire food web using tracer techniques. This information is being shared with managers from local, regional and federal agencies, as well as non-profit orgainzations. In collaboration with Mass Audubon the investigators are running a K-12 Schoolyard program, “Salt Marsh Science”, which provides ten schools with experiential learning opportunities for students and teachers. They also work with the Gulf of Maine Institute (GOMI), a non-profit that provides intensive training and on-going support to teachers to help them develop environmental community-based stewardship projects. The PIE LTER is organized around three questions that build on previous findings and integrate long-term studies with new observations, experiments, and model development. Activities within the three questions integrate across the entire watershed-marsh-estuary domain to facilitate a broader synthesis of long-term data and new observations. The first question is: “How are the sources and fates of organic matter and nutrients in the linked watershed/estuary system being altered by changing land use, sea-level rise (SLR), climate, and geomorphology?” To answer this, the investigators are examining how the linked coastal system influences estuarine production and water quality, as well as the role of coastal ecosystems in modulating carbon and nutrient fluxes to the nearshore ocean through a combination of expanded observations and numerical modeling. The second question, “How do food webs and energy flow respond to new geomorphic configurations, SLR, changing climate, and associated estuarine responses?” is being answered through a new integrative effort to determine how the landscapes’ ability to transfer energy to food webs changes with habitat. This effort is combining long-term abundance data, stable isotope data on niche size, and mapping of landscape features to model how future changes in the marsh-estuary configuration will modify energy flow. Given the importance of coastal ecosystems in supporting nearshore food webs, understanding how this link will change with climate, land use change, and SLR is critical. Finally, the investigators are asking: “What internal feedbacks might accelerate, slow down, or even reverse the predicted changes in emergent marsh configuration and the fate of carbon, nutrients and energy?” Society needs to understand more about internal feedbacks that might increase marsh resilience or compromise marsh survival as sea levels rise, systems warm, and watershed inputs continue to change. With new collaborations, the team is also leveraging large-scale marsh restoration to test hypotheses on feedback mechanisms within the system.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

Plum Island生态系统长期生态研究（PIE LTER）部位由连接到缅因州湾的链接分水岭 - 玛斯河畔埃斯托林系统组成。馅饼的目的是提高我们对耦合陆地 - 玛斯 - 山脉生态系统的长期反应的预测理解，以改变三个关键驱动因素：气候，海平面和人类活动。这项研究阐明了沼泽在沼泽和河口生态系统中如何应对海平面的上升和对碳储存或蓝色碳的控制。为了了解土地的养分和碳如何影响河口，以及沼泽和河口如何有助于海洋碳和养分预算，研究人员正在测量整个流域遍及近代的碳和养分的流量。为了了解河口和沼泽生态系统食物网如何随着海平面的升高和温暖的温度而变化，研究人员正在测量关键物种的抽象变化，并使用示踪技术分析整个食物网。这些信息正在与地方，地区和联邦机构以及非营利组织的经理共享。调查人员与Mass Audubon合作开展了K-12校园计划“ Salt Marsh Science”，该计划为十所学校提供了为学生和老师提供专家学习的机会。他们还与缅因州湾（GOMI）合作，该研究所是一家非营利组织，为教师提供深入的培训和持续的支持，以帮助他们开发基于环境的社区管理项目。派对围绕以前的发现和综合长期研究的三个问题组织，并与新的观察结果，实验和模型开发进行了整合。整合整个分水岭 - 马什山区领域的三个问题中的活动，以促进长期数据和新观察的更广泛综合。第一个问题是：“通过不断变化的土地使用，海平面上升（SLR），气候和地貌学来改变有机物和养分的来源和养分？”为了回答这一点，研究人员正在研究连接的沿海系统如何影响河口的生产和水质，以及沿海生态系统在将碳和养分通量调节到近岸海洋中的作用，通过扩展的观测和数值建模。第二个问题是：“食物网和能量流如何应对新的地貌配置，SLR，气候变化以及相关的河口反应？”正在通过一项新的综合努力来回答，以确定景观如何将能源转移到食物网的能力如何随栖息地变化。这项工作是结合长期丰度数据，稳定的同位素数据以及景观特征的映射，以建模沼泽式配置中未来的变化如何改变能量流。鉴于沿海生态系统在支持近岸食品网中的重要性，因此了解这种联系将如何随气候变化，土地利用变化而改变，而SLR至关重要。最后，研究人员问：“哪些内部反馈可能会加速，减慢甚至扭转碳，养分和能量的命运的预测变化？”社会需要更多地了解内部反馈，这些反馈可能会增加沼泽的韧性或损害沼泽的生存，因为海平面上升，系统温暖和分水岭的投入不断变化。通过新的合作，该团队还利用大规模的沼泽修复工作来检验系统内反馈机制的假设。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是通过基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛影响的评估来评估的审查标准。

项目成果

Quantifying Flow Velocities in River Deltas via Remotely Sensed Suspended Sediment Concentration

通过遥感悬浮泥沙浓度量化河流三角洲的流速

• DOI: 10.1029/2022gl101392
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Geophysical Research Letters
• 影响因子: 5.2
• 作者: Donatelli, Carmine;Passalacqua, Paola;Wright, Kyle;Salter, Gerard;Lamb, Michael P.;Jensen, Daniel;Fagherazzi, Sergio
• 通讯作者: Fagherazzi, Sergio

Frequent Storm Surges Affect the Groundwater of Coastal Ecosystems

频繁的风暴潮影响沿海生态系统的地下水

• DOI: 10.1029/2022gl100191
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Geophysical Research Letters
• 影响因子: 5.2
• 作者: Nordio, Giovanna;Frederiks, Ryan;Hingst, Mary;Carr, Joel;Kirwan, Matt;Gedan, Keryn;Michael, Holly;Fagherazzi, Sergio
• 通讯作者: Fagherazzi, Sergio

Recovery of salt marsh vegetation after ice-rafting

• DOI: 10.3354/meps14294
• 发表时间: 2023-05-04
• 期刊: MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES
• 影响因子: 2.5
• 作者: Nordio，Giovanna;Fagherazzi，Sergio
• 通讯作者: Fagherazzi，Sergio

Quantifying the Importance of Ice-Rafted Debris to Salt Marsh Sedimentation Using High Resolution UAS Imagery

使用高分辨率无人机图像量化冰筏碎片对盐沼沉积的重要性

• DOI: 10.3390/rs14215499
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Remote Sensing
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: Stopak, Sarah;Nordio, Giovanna;Fagherazzi, Sergio
• 通讯作者: Fagherazzi, Sergio