Collaborative Research: RAPID: Nevado del Ruiz Volcano, Colombia: Enhancing Geodetic Observations and Digital Elevation Models in Response to Recent Activity

合作研究：RAPID：哥伦比亚内瓦多德尔鲁伊斯火山：增强大地测量观测和数字高程模型以应对近期活动

• 批准号: 1546923
• 负责人: Glen Mattioli
• 金额: $ 2万
• 依托单位: UNAVCO, Inc.
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-07-01 至 2017-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1546923&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; RAPID; Nevado; del

In 1985, a relatively small eruption at Nevado del Ruiz volcano in Colombia killed approximately 23,000 people in or near the town of Armero. A glacier at the top of the volcano partially melted, contributing to a large lahar that moved quickly downslope, inundating the town with large volumes of water mixed with volcanic ash and rock. Recent activity at Nevado del Ruiz appears similar to the precursor activity observed in 1985 has local scientists at the Servicio Geologico Colombiano (SGC), the national geological survey of Colombia and the investigators on this grant concerned that another destructive lahar event similar to the 1985 event could initiate in the near future. Unfortunately despite Colombian government efforts to discourage human settlement in areas surrounding Nevado del Ruiz that are particularly susceptible to the channeling of destructive lahars, local Colombians have quickly forgotten the past destructive potential of this volcano and much development has occurred in at-risk areas since the 1985 lahar. This grant is congruent with NSFs mission of promoting the progress of science.Support from this Grant for Rapid Response Research (RAPID) will enable the development of a high resolution digital elevation model (DEM) of the Nevado del Ruiz volcano in Columbia coupled with GPS observations of surface deformation.The investigators will employ a University of South Florida owned terrestrial Ku-band radar, drone-based aerial photogrammetry and Structure from Motion software to generate a very high resolution DEM that is a necessary input to the new generation of quantitative lahar models that will inform risk mitigation plans and will gain better resolution of volcanic edifice surface deformation with an expanded GPS network surrounding Nevado del Ruiz. The surface deformation observations can offer clues to pressure changes in the shallow magmatic plumbing system and help advise early warning decisions. The terrestrial radar will be used to generate interferograms of the spatial variability of deformation patterns and changes in the velocity of the capping glacier at Nevado del Ruiz, that if quickly melted by heat from accelerated volcanic activity, would be responsible for lahar generation.

1985 年，哥伦比亚内瓦多德尔鲁伊斯火山发生了一次相对较小的喷发，造成阿尔梅罗镇或附近约 23,000 人死亡。火山顶部的冰川部分融化，导致大量火山泥流迅速下坡，大量混有火山灰和岩石的水淹没了城镇。 Nevado del Ruiz 最近的活动似乎与 1985 年观察到的前兆活动相似，哥伦比亚国家地质调查局 (SGC) 的当地科学家和本次拨款的调查人员担心，另一场破坏性的火山泥流事件与 1985 年的事件类似可能会在不久的将来启动。 不幸的是，尽管哥伦比亚政府努力阻止人类在内瓦多德尔鲁伊斯周边地区定居，这些地区特别容易受到破坏性火山泥流的影响，但当地哥伦比亚人很快就忘记了这座火山过去的破坏潜力，自火山喷发以来，高危地区发生了许多开发活动。 1985 年火山泥浆。 这笔赠款符合 NSF 促进科学进步的使命。这项快速响应研究赠款 (RAPID) 的支持将有助于开发哥伦比亚内瓦多德尔鲁伊斯火山的高分辨率数字高程模型 (DEM) 以及 GPS研究人员将采用南佛罗里达大学拥有的地面 Ku 波段雷达、基于无人机的航空摄影测量和 Motion 软件的结构来生成非常高分辨率的 DEM，这是新一代 DEM 的必要输入定量火山泥流模型将为风险缓解计划提供信息，并通过 Nevado del Ruiz 周围扩展的 GPS 网络更好地解决火山建筑物表面变形的问题。 地表变形观测可以提供浅层岩浆管道系统压力变化的线索，并有助于为早期预警决策提供建议。 地面雷达将用于生成变形模式的空间变异性和内瓦多德尔鲁伊斯盖顶冰川速度变化的干涉图，如果冰川因加速火山活动的热量而迅速融化，将导致火山泥流的产生。