DMREF: Collaborative Research: Development of Design Rules for High Hydroxide Transport in Polymer Architectures

DMREF：协作研究：聚合物结构中高氢氧化物传输设计规则的开发

• 批准号: 1534374
• 负责人: Mark Tuckerman
• 金额: $ 35万
• 依托单位: New York University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-09-01 至 2018-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1534374&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: DMREF; Collaborative; Research; Development; Design

In this project funded by the Designing Materials to Revolutionize and Engineer our Future (DMREF) Program of the Chemistry Division, Professor Mark Tuckerman at New York University, Professor Chulsung Bae at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Professor Michael Hickner of the Pennsylvania State University, and Professor Stephen Paddison of the University of Tennessee are designing, synthesizing, and testing new materials for use in alkaline fuel cells and discovering a set of rules for best practices in the development of future materials for fuel cell applications. As the United States seeks to enhance its energy security through identification and development of clean energy sources a range of technologies need to be leveraged in order to secure a sustainable energy supply. Electrochemical devices are an important part of this mix of technologies, and among these, fuel cells constitute some of the cleanest and most sustainable technologies. Several key hurdles to harnessing the potential of fuel cells (as well as various other electrochemical technologies) remain to be surmounted. The team of investigators are focusing on anion exchange membrane fuel cells that have advantages over other types of fuel cells in not requiring precious metals and being operable with a variety of fuels at low temperature. The project is employing a cohesive strategy involving mathematical and computer modeling of specific materials components that may, in turn, guide the synthesis of new materials, the characterization and testing of these materials in actual fuel cells, and the determination of optimal design principles to govern future materials engineering in this area. The project is also providing education and training for graduate and post-graduate researchers in both theoretical and experimental aspects of materials science and engineering, thus ensuring the competence and creativity of the next generation of STEM researchers. The understanding and design of cost-effective and reliable polymer architectures for use as ion-conducting membranes is an important challenge facing emerging electrochemical device technologies. Currently available proton exchange membranes are problematic due to high cost, environmental concerns of fluoroplymers, and often poor performance under nonideal conditions. Additional challenges in proton exchange membranes fuel cell applications include difficult water management due to electro-osmosis, high fuel crossover, and the requirement of expensive platinum catalysts. Fuel cells based on anion exchange membranes have the potential to alleviate most of these problems. However, little systematic knowledge of how best to design these materials exists at present despite the fact that liquid-electrolyte alkaline fuel cells were among the first fuel cells to be developed. The team of researchers is applying an integrated, iterative theoretical-experimental approach towards the targeted syntheses of polymers, the first-principles computer simulations of specific polymer chemistries, the mathematical and experimental characterization of structures/morphologies, and the measurement and computational modeling of long-range hydroxide ion transport. Through this cohesive effort, the team of investigators is aiming to advance fundamental science and engineering knowledge in the area of fuel cells membranes and to deduce a set of fundamental design principles for anion exchange membranes that accelerate the time between concept and production of practically useful materials.

在该项目中，由化学系的“设计材料以彻底改变和设计我们的未来”（DMREF）计划资助，纽约大学的 Mark Tuckerman 教授、伦斯勒理工学院的 Chulsung Bae 教授、宾夕法尼亚州立大学的 Michael Hickner 教授和教授田纳西大学的斯蒂芬·帕迪森正在设计、合成和测试用于碱性燃料电池的新材料，并发现一套用于开发未来燃料电池应用材料的最佳实践规则。 随着美国寻求通过识别和开发清洁能源来增强其能源安全，需要利用一系列技术来确保可持续的能源供应。 电化学装置是这种技术组合的重要组成部分，其中燃料电池是最清洁、最可持续的技术之一。利用燃料电池（以及各种其他电化学技术）潜力的几个关键障碍仍有待克服。 研究小组正在重点研究阴离子交换膜燃料电池，它比其他类型的燃料电池具有不需要贵金属并且可在低温下使用多种燃料的优点。该项目采用了一种凝聚力策略，涉及特定材料成分的数学和计算机建模，进而指导新材料的合成、这些材料在实际燃料电池中的表征和测试，以及确定控制的最佳设计原则。该领域的未来材料工程。该项目还为研究生和研究生研究人员提供材料科学与工程理论和实验方面的教育和培训，从而确保下一代 STEM 研究人员的能力和创造力。理解和设计用作离子传导膜的具有成本效益且可靠的聚合物结构是新兴电化学装置技术面临的重要挑战。目前可用的质子交换膜由于成本高、含氟聚合物的环境问题以及在非理想条件下性能往往较差而存在问题。质子交换膜燃料电池应用中的其他挑战包括电渗导致的水管理困难、高燃料交叉以及需要昂贵的铂催化剂。基于阴离子交换膜的燃料电池有可能缓解大部分这些问题。然而，尽管液体电解质碱性燃料电池是最早开发的燃料电池之一，但目前关于如何最好地设计这些材料的系统知识还很少。研究小组正在应用一种集成的、迭代的理论实验方法来进行聚合物的靶向合成、特定聚合物化学的第一原理计算机模拟、结构/形态的数学和实验表征，以及长链的测量和计算建模。 -范围氢氧根离子传输。 通过这种凝聚力的努力，研究团队的目标是推进燃料电池膜领域的基础科学和工程知识，并推导出一套阴离子交换膜的基本设计原则，以加快实际有用材料的概念和生产之间的时间。