Collaborative Research: Convective Upscale Growth Processes during RELAMPAGO

合作研究：RELAMPAGO 期间的对流高档增长过程

• 批准号: 2146709
• 负责人: Kristen Rasmussen
• 金额: $ 45.95万
• 依托单位: Colorado State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2024-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2146709&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Convective; Upscale; Growth

Storms spanning hundreds of kilometers and lasting for hours into days have an important role in our global water cycle. In subtropical South America east of the Andes, 95% of rainfall during the warmer months are attributed to these large systems, which also can produce flash floods, devastating hail, and frequent lightning. In late 2018 into early 2019, an international team of scientists conducted the Remote sensing of Electrification, Lightning, and Mesoscale/microscale Processes with Adaptive Ground Observations (RELAMPAGO) field campaign near the Sierras de Cordoba mountains in central Argentina to study these frequent, impactful storms with observations at higher temporal and spatial resolution. Initial results from this campaign have provided valuable insight into conditions supporting the initiation and rapid growth of these storms, yet many questions remain regarding the specific evolution of the storms and the hazardous weather they produce. Therefore, this project builds off the initial RELAMPAGO findings to further understand the processes occurring within storms as they rapidly grow large and how the conditions that support these processes compare with those in other mountainous regions of the world that experience similarly hazardous conditions. This research also permits continued education and outreach opportunities through training of graduate students, international collaborations, and representation through a diverse team. Prediction of mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) is challenged in part by limitations in understanding and representation of the convective lifecycle. A region in central Argentina near the Sierras de Córdoba mountain range is a global hotspot for deep and intense severe convection that also grows rapidly upscale to MCSs producing flooding, hail, and frequent lightning. This area was a focal point for RELAMPAGO field campaign, for which initial results from the datasets supported previous satellite-based inferences of convective lifecycle and contributed new findings related to the role of mid-level vertical wind shear, the South American Low-Level Jet, and terrain interactions in the upscale growth process. This research builds off those results to address the following overarching science questions: 1) How do microphysics and kinematics within convective systems evolve as they grow upscale? 2) Which synoptic and mesoscale factors support rapid upscale growth of convection and how does terrain modify those factors? A combination of RELAMPAGO data analysis, high-resolution model simulations, and reanalysis data provides the means to address these questions and gain a better understanding of convective upscale growth to MCSs, the environmental controls on these upscale growth processes, and the production of high lightning flash rates and hail during upscale growth.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

跨越数百公里的风暴持续数小时几个小时在我们的全球水周期中起着重要作用。在安第斯山脉以东的南美亚热带，温暖的月份的降雨量的95％归因于这些大型系统，这些系统也会产生闪光地板，毁灭性的冰雹和经常闪电。 2018年底至2019年初，一支国际科学家团队对阿根廷中部Sierras de Cordoba Mountains附近的自适应地面观测（Relampago）田间进行了电动，闪电和中尺度/微观过程的遥控感，以经常研究这些经常有影响力的风暴，并在较高的临时和空间分辨率上进行观察。这项运动的最初结果为支持这些风暴的倡议和快速增长的条件提供了宝贵的见解，但是关于风暴的具体演变以及它们产生的危险天气仍然存在许多问题。因此，该项目建立在最初的Relampago发现中，以进一步了解风暴中迅速增长的过程以及支持这些过程的条件如何与世界其他山区其他经历类似危险条件的条件相比。这项研究还允许通过培训研究生，国际合作以及通过潜水员团队的代表来持续教育和推广机会。中尺度对流系统（MCS）的预测部分是由于理解和表示对流生命周期的局限性而挑战。阿根廷中部塞拉斯·德·科尔多巴山脉（SierrasdeCórdobaMountain）的一个地区是一个全球热点，可进行深度严重的严重结构，也可以迅速增长到MCSS，从而产生洪水，冰雹和经常闪电。该领域是Relampago现场运动的一个焦点，该数据集的最初结果支持对流生命周期的基于卫星的推论，并为中层垂直风剪，南美低级喷气式飞机以及地表增长过程中的地形相互作用做出了新的发现。这项研究基于这些结果来解决以下基本科学问题：1）对流系统中的微物理学和运动学在高档成长时如何发展？ 2）哪些天气和中尺度因素支持连接的快速高档增长，地形如何改变这些因素？ Relampago数据分析，高分辨率模型模拟和重新分析数据的结合提供了解决这些问题的方法，并更好地了解对对流的高档增长对MCS的增长，对这些高档增长过程的环境控制，以及在高档增长过程中产生高闪电的闪光速率和高度ail的高度增长，这反映了NSF的诚实构建和诚实的构建，并取得了良好的构建，并取得了良好的构建，并取得了良好的构建，并取得了良好的构建。影响审查标准。

项目成果

Lightning Characteristics Associated With Storm Modes Observed During RELAMPAGO

RELAMPAGO 期间观测到的与风暴模式相关的闪电特征

• DOI: 10.1029/2023jd039520
• 发表时间: 2024
• 期刊: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
• 作者: Rocque, Marquette N.;Deierling, Wiebke;Rasmussen, Kristen L.;Albrecht, Rachel I.;Medina, Bruno L.
• 通讯作者: Medina, Bruno L.

Tornadoes in Southeast South America: Mesoscale to Planetary-Scale Environments

南美洲东南部的龙卷风：中尺度到行星尺度的环境

• DOI: 10.1175/mwr-d-22-0248.1
• 发表时间: 2024
• 期刊: Monthly Weather Review
• 影响因子: 3.2
• 作者: Veloso-Aguila, Daniel;Rasmussen, Kristen L.;Maloney, Eric D.
• 通讯作者: Maloney, Eric D.

The Impact of Topography on the Environment and Life Cycle of Weakly and Strongly Forced MCSs during RELAMPAGO

• DOI: 10.1175/mwr-d-22-0049.1
• 发表时间: 2022-09
• 期刊: Monthly Weather Review
• 影响因子: 3.2
• 作者: Marquette N. Rocque;K. Rasmussen